Research On Optimal Operation And Benefit Balance Of Integrated Energy System Considering Power Carbon Coordination

The global energy system is transitioning from absolute dominance of fossil energy to low-carbon multi-energy integration.China’s energy system is changing at an accelerated pace,with the trend towards decentralization,flattening and decentralization becoming increasingly evident.In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,the energy industry is the main battlefield of carbon emission reduction,and the power industry is the main force of carbon emission reduction.As an important form of distributed energy development and an important component of new power systems,integrated energy systems achieve clean supply,complementarity,and efficient utilization of multiple energy sources,which is an inevitable choice to comply with the trend of energy development.However,there are still some issues to be studied in the development process of integrated energy systems.Firstly,with the promotion and application of carbon capture technology in integrated energy systems,in addition to the synergistic relationship between electricity,heating and cooling,the power carbon coordinated relationship has gradually emerged.Secondly,the application scenarios of integrated energy systems show diverse characteristics,the functional structure shows different characteristics,and different operation modes have different emphasis directions and content.Thirdly,as integrated energy systems often involve multiple operating entities,designing a balanced benefit distribution plan for all parties is the key to maintaining stable system operation.Therefore,this paper focuses on three modes of integrated energy systems:autonomous balancing,cluster collaboration and externally derived response,taking into account the power carbon coordinated relationship,and carries out research on optimal operation and benefit balance.The main research contents are as follows:(1)The mechanism of power carbon coordination in integrated energy systems is analyzed and a hierarchical operation model is proposed.Firstly,the connotation of integrated energy systems is analyzed,and the "four characteristics and four transformations" of integrated,proximity,interactivity and friendliness,as well as diversification,intelligence,low-carbon and marketisation.are summarized,and the current situation of integrated energy development is sorted out along the lines of market scale,relevant policies,pilot projects and project summaries.Then,the coordination mechanism of electricity and carbon in integrated energy systems at the macro level is analyzed from a qualitative perspective,including coordination under policy,technology and market.Finally,according to the different application scenarios and operational needs,three operational models of integrated energy systems are proposed to lay the foundation for subsequent research.(2)A multi-period capacity optimal allocation model for integrated energy systems considering power carbon coordination is established.First,a general model of energy supply,conversion and storage equipment is established as the basis for subsequent research.Then,carbon capture and storage systems are configured in the integrated energy system,and carbon emission constraints are used as the planning boundary conditions to build a multi-period capacity optimal allocation model for the entire life cycle of the integrated energy system,taking into account the construction time sequence and seasonal differences.To improve the system’s ability to resist power and load uncertainties,limit scenarios are identified based on confidence levels and an improved robust optimization model is applied to enhance the system’s security.Finally,the results of the numerical analysis with the example of the Green Ecological Park show that the proposed model can reasonably determine the scale of capacity allocation for various types of equipment in different planning periods,reduce planning costs and system carbon emissions,and achieve double prevention and control of uncertainty.(3)An autonomous balance optimization operation model for integrated energy systems considering carbon capture is established.Firstly,a framework for the autonomous balance operation of the integrated energy system is designed,the internal linkage between electricity and carbon is analyzed,and the structure of the internal autonomous balance operation system is clarified.Then,in order to cope with the uncertainties of wind turbine and photovoltaic,a data-driven optimization model for hyperplane uncertainty sets is established.On this basis,a two-stage robust optimization model is established.The first stage aims to minimize the startup and shutdown costs.and the second stage aims to minimize the operating costs in the worst scenario.Carbon footprint constraints are added to the model,and a column and constraint generation algorithm is used to iteratively solve the two-level model.Finally,an example of an integrated electric and heating energy system is used for arithmetic analysis.The results show that the hyperplane uncertainty set has significant advantages over the box uncertainty set in reducing conservatism,the proposed model achieves a balance of economy and robustness,and the carbon capture technology leads to an internal linkage effect in electric carbon production,which reduces carbon emissions.(4)A cluster collaboration optimization operation model for integrated energy systems considering carbon transfer is established.Firstly,a framework for collaborative and optimal operation of integrated energy system clusters is designed to analyze the electricity and carbon sharing transfer relationship,and to clarify the structure of the cluster interconnection and collaborative operation system.Then,to achieve power sharing and functional integration,a multi-agent Nash negotiation model and an individual benefit calculation model are constructed based on cooperative games,and an asymmetric bargaining mechanism for P2P transactions is designed.The Nash negotiation model is divided into two sub issues:an alliance cooperative operation model and an individual balanced benefit allocation model.The two sub problems were solved in a distributed manner using an adaptive step size alternating direction multiplier algorithm.Finally,three geographically similar systems are used as examples for arithmetic analysis,and the results show that multiple agents have achieved interconnection,mutual assistance,mutual protection,mutual supply,mutual benefit and privacy protection.Electricity and carbon have a strong coordination,and the model and algorithm can accurately solve shared electric power and negotiated electric price.Electric power is accompanied by carbon emission transfer,and electric price implies carbon cost transmission.(5)An optimal operation model for the external derivative response of the integrated energy system considering carbon trading is established.Firstly,it designs the framework for the optimal operation of the derivative response of the integrated energy system.analyses the relationship between electricity and carbon market transactions,and clarifies the structure of the system involved in the operation of the derivative response.Then,in order to improve the stability of the externally derived response,a multi-time scale dynamic optimization model is established based on the model predictive control theory.taking into account the electricity trading and the reward and punishment ladder carbon trading,executing static scheduling before the day,rolling scheduling within the day and feedback correction in real time,and introducing demand side resources with different response speeds in different time scales to solve the model layer by layer.Finally,the integrated energy system of the Energy Management and Control Experimental Center is used as an example for arithmetic analysis,and the results show that:the multi-time scale optimization method improves the foresight,accuracy and economy of scheduling,the reward and punishment ladder carbon trading mechanism has a significant incentive effect for emission reduction,and the cooperative trading strategy of electricity and carbon makes the endogenous benefits of economy,efficiency,low carbon and safety externally derived.(6)A model for evaluating and balancing the operational efficiency of an integrated energy system considering the power carbon coordination is established.Firstly,a framework for evaluating and balancing the operational benefits considering the power carbon coordination is designed.Secondly,in order to evaluate the comprehensive benefits under different operating modes,an index system is designed in four dimensions:economy,environmental protection,safety and synergy,and an operational benefit evaluation model based on cooperative game theory and cloud model is established.Thirdly,in order to reasonably allocate the operational benefits to multi-cooperative agents,a balanced allocation model of operational benefits based on improved Shapley values is established.Finally,the operational benefits of the three previous models are evaluated and allocated.The results show that the benefit evaluation model takes into account the fuzziness and randomness of the integrated energy system itself,and the benefit balance model takes into account safety and environmental protection and achieves a true balance.