Research On The Control Of The Huai River In Anhui In The 1950

Under the influence of MAO Zedong’s decision to thoroughly harness the Huai River,the 1950s witnessed a climax of large-scale harnessing of the Huai River.This dissertation takes harnessing Huai River by Anhui province during this period as the research object,tries to observe the "micro-history" from the perspective of"macro-history",investigates the outstanding achievements and tortuous course,as well as the implementation and adjustment of various policie.This dissertation tries to make a breakthrough in the use of data,taking the special archives of the Committee in charge of harnessing the Huai River in Anhui Provincial Archives and the archives of Anhui provincial water conservancy department and the relevant organizations of various counties and cities in the Huai River basin as the research materials,focusing on strengthening the historical data foundation of the study of harnessing Huai River movement.In terms of specific research,all efforts have been made to break through the single-oriented engineering perspective,close the "historical lens",focus on the mobilization of labours,incentive measures and protection of the interests of peasant-workers in the harnessing Huai River movement,dynamically reveal the complicated aspects of the implementation and adjustment of party and state policies,and strive to open a colorful picture of the history of harnessing the Huai River.Demonstrate the CPC’s strong organizational leadership and flexible self-correcting ability.This dissertation consists of three parts:introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction mainly explains the origin of the topic selection of the paper,sorts out the academic history of harnessing the Huai River at home and abroad,and points out the significance and space for improvement of the study of new China’s harnessing the Huai River.The conclusion summarizes the main achievements of Anhui harnessing the Huai River in 1950’s,and explains the significance of Anhui harnessing the Huai River in this period.The main contents are composed of 6 chapters.Chapter 1,from the perspective of historical background,examines the environmental changes in Anhui Huai River basin before the founding of New China and the formation of new China’s decision to fully harness the Huai River,highlighting the "damage of the Huai River".Before the Yellow River invaded the Huai River,ditches and ponds in the Huai River basin were everywhere,so the irrigation conditions were superiort.After the Yellow River invaded the Huai River,the ecological environment deteriorated step by step,and the life of Huai River people became increasingly difficult in modern times.The late Qing government,the Northern Warlords government and the Nanjing National government all managed to harness the Huai River partially.Liking try to put out a blazing cartload of faggots with a cup of water,their actions failed to reverse the continuous deterioration of the river basin.It was not until the founding of the People’s Republic of China that the central government took the decision to thoroughly harness the Huai River,and the Huai River basin ushered in a new opportunity.The purpose of this long period of investigation is to clarify the historical background of Anhui harnessing the Huai River in the 1950s,and to better display the historical orientation of New China harnessing the Huai River.The middle two chapters highlight the "difficulty of harnessing" from the perspective of engineering construction.Chapter 2 discusses the construction of Anhui Huai River control project under the leadership of Huai Committee from 1950 to 1957.During this period,the policy of "paying equal attention to storage and drainage"was established,and a series of flood control and embankment projects such as the sluice in the Run River Town,several reservoirs in the Dabie Mountain valley,Huaibei Dam and some flood storage district were built successively.Huaibei plain had also made some progress in waterlog prevention,and the harnessing of the Huai River has made remarkable achievements.However,valuing flood control and despising waterlog prevention,low standards and other weaknesses were also exposed.After the waterlog,drought and flood hit the Huai River Basin one after another,Huai Committee and provincial Party Committee adjusted the planning of harnessing the Huai River in the early stage,and the harnessing work continued to advance in twists and turns.Chapter 3 investigates the River Network Movement led by the Anhui provincial Party Committee from 1957 to 1959.The "three reforms" in agriculture laid a foreshadowing for the River Network Movement,and the requirements of the agricultural development program to increase grain production directly promoted the water conservancy construction into a period of rapid development.In the climax of water conservancy construction,Anhui Provincial party committee thought that it had found a fundamental way to harness the Huai River.For this reason,Anhui launched a impressive mass campaign of water conservancy,and the river network in Huaibei Plain became the "model" of national water control.Unfortunately,a winter and spring of hard work left a lot of unfinished projects,at great cost.However,the Pi-Shi-Hang Project,which was built at the same time,laid a foundation for river network in the hilly area of western Anhui.The last three chapters highlight the "policy changes" from the perspective of harnessing policy.Chapter 4 investigates the organization and mobilization of peasant-workers in the rear area.Huai Committee was the policy maker of mobilization,the local cadres were the implementation of the policy,and the peasant masses were the main object of mobilization.When the interests of the three parties differed,contradictions would arise.The Huai Committee took the initiative to adjust the tactical mobilization policy in man-sea warfare,and implemented the system of basic peasant-workers,so as to reduce the rear pressure,alleviate the contradiction of the distribution of civilian power in front and rear,and straighten out the tripartite relationship.Chapter 5 investigates the implementation and effect of the incentive measures on the front of construction site.As the "two wings" of the incentive policy,ideological education and labor competition continued to launch on the site.Ideological education,such as complaining,current affairs propaganda and "great debate",aims to re-mobilize peasant-workers,unify their thoughts and devote themselves more enthusiastically to harnessing Huai River labor.In order to encourage peasant-workers to further improve efficiency,meritorious movement and red flag competition,increase production and economy,technological innovation movement,tool reform movement and other labor competitions were staged in succession.Under the condition of backward science and technology,the implementation of incentive policies on the construction site also went astray for a time,and the practice of fighting for physical strength was repeatedly forbidden.Through the continuous correction and correct guidance of Huai Committee and local government,labor innovation and tool reform gradually became the main means of increasing efficiency.Chapter 6 investigates the solution of the two security problems of peasant-workers’ wages and health.In the first three years of harnessing the Huai River movement,there appeared some problems in dealing with the wages of peasant-workers,which caused the interests of both peasant-workers in the front and rural areas in the rear to be damaged.In the aspect of health,Huai Committee also attaches great importance to the protection of the health interests of peasant-workers.