Theory And Method Of Connection Plan For Air And High Speed Railway Integration Services

Air and high speed railway(HSR)integration services(AHIS)play an important role in comprehensive transportation.The integration services can effectively realize the three-dimensional interconnection between HSR and civil aviation,coordinating their development,improving the convenience of the whole chain of medium-to-longdistance passenger travelling as well as providing more choices to passengers.At present,the rapid development of HSR and civil aviation in China offers an excellent opportunity for the development of AHIS.However,there are only some small-scale and developing products,which are still in the primary stage.The transportation organization plans of air and railway in the current AHIS products are basically designed independently.The coupling relationship and coordination mechanism between them are not fully considered,and there is a lack of theory and method to support the connection plan of AHIS.Based on the idea of system optimization and fully considering the characteristics of HSR and air transportation organization,this paper puts forward the AHIS process aiming at efficient connections,and focuses on scientific quantitative methods for the optimal design of connection plan.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Process optimization and design of AHIS products and connection plan.Clarifying the meaning and preparation process of AHIS products is an important prerequisite for its development.Firstly,define AHIS products from three levels: core products,extended products and additional products.The definition and elements of connection plan in core products are described in detail.Then,current AHIS infrastructure construction and the mature production in recent years are introduced.The characteristics and challenges of AHIS products in China are deeply analyzed and summarized.Based on the key elements involved in the planning process of HSR and airlines,this paper puts forward the complete preparation process of AHIS products from passenger flow demand,network planning,connection plan,implementation process to feedback adjustment from the perspective of top-level design.This paper focuses on three key technologies including the layout of AHIS transfer hubs,the optimization of connection plan between HSR and flight timetables,as well as the optimization of connection plan based on electric multiple units(EMU)circulation plan.(2)Selection of AHIS transfer hub for passenger ODs.AHIS transfer hub plays an important role in intermodal passenger transfer process,and it directly affects the quality of intermodal products and passenger travel utility.The selection of transfer hubs needs to take the network structure of railway and air,the connection conditions of hubs and the characteristics of intermodal passenger flow into consideration.Firstly,the factors of the selection of AHIS transfer hubs are analyzed.According to the airport and railway station construction of origin-destination(OD),the ODs are classified.Then,based on the passenger flow data of HSR and air,logit model is used to quantitatively fit the relationship between transportation service characteristics and passenger choice behavior under different haul distances.Considering the characteristics of connection conditions and ticket prices,the transfer utilities for different alternative hubs are calculated for different ODs,and the appropriate transfer hubs can be selected.(3)Optimization model of HSR and flight timetable connection plan.The quality of transfer between trains and flights depends on their arrival and departure times at the transfer hubs.For the transfer hubs selected in the previous stage,based on the idea of incremental optimization,the existing HSR and flight timetables are slightly adjusted to improve the connection quality of AHIS from the aspects of connection number,flight coverage and product accessibility.Using the event-activity network-based model,the multi-objective connection plan optimization models under two conditions of known or unknow intermodal passenger flow are established,respectively.Considering the constraints of HSR and flight timetable as well as AHIS connections,model 1 is a mixed integer programming model which is oriented to the unknown AHIS passenger flow,which optimizes the connection plan under the goal of maximizing the number of connections,covered flights and minimizing the passenger travel penalty.Model 2 is an integer programming model which is oriented to the known AHIS passenger flow,which optimizes the connection plan under the goal of maximizing the OD accessibility of passenger flow and minimizing the deviation from the original plan.(4)Optimization model of AHIS connection plan based on EMU circulation plan.The adjustments of train operation time may change the routing plan of EMU and increase the number of EMU,which would make connection plan infeasible.Therefore,it is necessary to further study the optimization of AHIS connection plan under limited number of EMUs.Using the model of network flow,the routing paths and train operation tasks of each EMU are abstracted into a three-dimensional path in the timespace-state network,and an integer programming model for the coordination of time and capacity resources of AHIS products is established.Aiming at maximizing the number of AHIS connections,the AHIS connection plan for a given number of EMU is solved.Lagrange relaxation technique is used to solve the upper bound,and a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the lower bound.(5)Case studies of Beijing-Guangzhou transportation corridor.Taking BeijingGuangzhou transportation corridor and some related corridors as the research background,appropriate transfer hubs for different types of passenger OD are selected.Shijiazhuang has been selected by several ODs as the transfer hub with convenient transfer and lower ticket prices.In the design of connection plan,the train timetable of Beijing-Zhengzhou HSR corridor and the flight timetable of Zhengding airport are optimized.The impacts of time window,objective function optimization sequence,stop plan and other factors on connections are analyzed.In the optimization of AHIS connection plan based on EMU circulation plan,the railway network composed of Beijing-Zhengzhou HSR corridor and Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan HSR line is selected as the case background to analyze the relationship between the number of AHIS connections and the operation cost of EMU.