| “National master plan for major projects of major ecosystem protection and restoration(2021-2035)”,the Yangtze river key ecological rocky desertification comprehensive control as one of the main direction,the national ecological environment protection conference pointed out,to Shan Shui Lin Tian Hu Cao Sha integration protection and system management,build from the protection of the top of the mountain to the ocean management pattern.Agroforestry play an important role in curbing the occurrence of rocky desertification,soil and water conservation,soil leakage prevention,biodiversity protection and agricultural landscape construction,and is of great significance to the ecological environment protection in rocky desertification areas.According to the theories of geography,ecology,soil and water conservation,soil erosion,soil leakage,agroforestry,and the scientific problems and technical needs such as complex soil leakage problems in karst areas,single type of agroforestry,and urgent need of soil leakage obstruction control technology in karst areas.From 2018～2023,on behalf of south China karst rocky desertification ecological environment overall structure of Guizhou plateau mountain Bijie Salaxi,Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang,Shibing karst three study areas,using the field in situ monitoring,indoor experiment analysis,data statistical analysis,around soil leakage obstruction control and agroforestry research frontier,key technology research and development,application demonstration and model to conduct a comprehensive design,link to promote systematic research.By clarifying the control mechanism of soil leakage control in small watershed,the coupling mechanism of soil leakage control and agroforestry is revealed,the control technology of soil leakage control in agroforestry is refined,and the agroforestry model is constructed and applied demonstration,popularized and verified.(1)The mechanism of different types of rocky desertification environmental conditions affecting the allocation of agroforestry is found:vegetation type,soil properties and precipitation changes have restrictive effects on the allocation of agroforestry in different rocky desertification environments.According to different degrees of rocky desertification,vegetation types,soil properties,precipitation changes and other factors are also different.The vegetation types suitable for growth directly reflect the configuration structure of agroforestry.Under the long-term human participation,a relatively fixed combination and cooperative relationship has been formed between crops and forest,grass and poultry.Under these relatively fixed cooperative relationships,the functions of agroforestry are greatly stimulated and the optimal comprehensive benefits are realized.Soil nutrient differences,soil void characteristics,density characteristics,water content characteristics and other factors are important factors affecting vegetation,is also an important factor to promote or limit the development of agroforestry,in the location of the soil properties different formation Sealing forest,forest + grass,forest +grain + grass different configuration of mixed type.Precipitation affects soil moisture content and water absorption and utilization of vegetation,and is an important factor affecting vegetation growth,but also an important factor affecting the allocation of agroforestry.The climate conditions of the three studies and the precipitation are obvious,which affected the development of agroforestry.The main components of soil leakage are water and soil.The different forms of agroforestry have different effects on soil leakage.The soil leakage affects the recombination of agroforestry in the research area,and then reacts on the development of agroforestry.Therefore,vegetation type,soil properties,precipitation changes and other influence factors have a restrictive role on the allocation of agroforestry.(2)It reveals the coupling mechanism between the three main soil leakage and forestry in rocky desertification control: the hydrology changes of slope,fissure and underground pipeline,soil properties,soil water content and sediment loss and agroforestry.Agroforestry has obvious effects on soil leakage control in slope and fissure,and the effect of soil and soil leakage and loss control in different links.The same walnut + corn agroforestry configuration,improve the slope soil water content is higher than the crack,and the absorption capacity of crack soil is lower than that of slope soil.Agroforestry have the functions of intercepting and absorbing precipitation,weakening the impact force of raindrops,increasing the soil water retention and occurrence time,delaying the soil water infiltration time and controlling the infiltration speed.The lag time range of soil water infiltration of agroforestry is between 20 and 45 minutes,and the lag time range of fissure surface soil is between 25 and 45 minutes,and the lag time of water infiltration in the deep soil layer can be more than 7 hours.In the Zhulin watershed,the soil water content increased by 6.5%,and the porosity increased by 5.1%.In the water gathering area of Chaeryan,honeysuckle,loquat,honeysuckle and ryegrass,the soil water content increased by 6.9% and 4.4%.(3)Four types of agriculture and forestry technologies of agroforestry resistance control of soil leakage have been developed:depression agroforestry configuration technology,agroforestry space configuration technology,field soil leakage monitoring technology and field soil leakage monitoring system technology,so as to promote the application of agroforestry measures in soil leakage resistance control.In order to achieve the research objectives,complete the research content and verify the research results,it is necessary to improve and perfect the existing soil leakage monitoring technology and agroforestry configuration technology,so as to better serve the research process.Based on the existing technology and taking the research process as the service object,the paper summarizes and lists the key technologies needed in the research process,improves the key technologies that the existing technology cannot meet the research needs,refines the redundancy of the existing technology,and develops those not involved in the existing technology.In the field of soil leakage monitoring technology,"surface and underground soil erosion monitoring technology" and "field soil and water nutrient migration monitoring technology" are developed and improved to solve the problem of sediment collection difficulties in underground soil leakage in the karst rocky desertification environment.In terms of field soil leakage monitoring system,the two technologies of "Monitoring method of ecological environment change in karst depression" and "Monitoring system of soil leakage in depression" are integrated and improved,which are used to monitor hydrology,vegetation,soil leakage in a complete small watershed.The technical advantages of the existing agroforestry configuration technology in karst depression were summarized,and the specific agroforestry configuration technology in karst depression was improved based on the characteristics of karst depression.In the aspect of space allocation technology of agroforestry in karst rocky desertification environment,"water conservation technology of agroforestry plants","space configuration technology of agroforestry vegetation" and "inter cropping technology of agroforestry plants" are perfected and refined to improve the effect of agroforestry on soil and water conservation,especially on the control of soil leakage and resistance.(4)Built the soil leakage in desertification control of three agroforestry pattern: plateau mountain potential-mild desertification water slope-fissure-pipeline leakage loss control and livestock,plateau canyon moderate-strength rocky desertification water slope-fissure leakage loss control and grassland,plateau trough valley-potential rocky desertification water slope-fissure-pipeline leakage resistance control and forest medicine agroforestry mode and technology integration.According to the related theory of ecology and agroforestry,collaborative rocky desertification area ecological environment recovery and social economic development of forestry function requirements,determine the typical pattern construction boundary conditions,combined with the pattern of structure and function characteristics of comparative analysis,innovation of bijie agricultural forestry model,Guan Ling-Zhenfeng agroforestry model.Bijie agroforestry model focuses on technology integration in forest and grass storage,Guanling-Zhenfeng agroforestry model focuses on technology integration in forest and grass/forest medicine,and Shibing agroforestry model focuses on technology integration in forest,medicine and grain.At the plant configuration level,Advantage agroforestry has poplar + ryegrass + corn,pepper+ loquat,fir + tobacco(corn rotation),walnut + corn + potato / buckwheat,peach + miscanthus and other configuration ways,In the aspects of soil properties,agricultural economy has a relatively high benefit;At the agroforestry type level,The advantages of agroforestry include the combination of sealed forest and surrounding crops,the combination of forest + grain + grass,forest +medicine(fruit fores),In the regulation of water content,improve the soil structure,increase the economic benefits of agroforestry has a more obvious effect;In the construction level of agroforestry model,The more elements of Shan Shui Lin Tian Hu Cao Sha are included in the agroforestry models constructed in the three research areas,The wider the adaptive landscape environment,Eventually,it can produce more ecological and economic benefits. |
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