Research On Ecosystem Services And Social Well-being Of Mountainous Area

National territory spatial planning of the new era emphasizes the comprehensively consider for needs of residents and meet the people’s yearning for a better life.It also needs to pay attention to the protection of natural resources and take the road of ecological and green development.In recent years,with the development of ecosystem services research and the emphasis on interdisciplinary research,ecosystem services is increasingly applied to landscape planning and sustainable management.Although the correlation framework between ecosystem services and well-being has been fully discussed,there is often a mismatch between ecosystem service level and social well-being in mountain areas.Therefore,a full understanding of the correlation between services and well-being,ecosystem and society and the specific performance of service-well-being differences is an important prerequisite for scientific planning for sustainable development in mountain areas.After literature review,theoretical research,simulation calculation and other research methods,this study first analyzes the main characteristics of ecosystem services and social well-being in mountainous areas,constructs the evaluation optimization system of ecosystem services and social well-being in mountain areas from the perspective of landscape architecture,and takes Jieshi mountain of Changli,Hebei Province as an example to apply the evaluation optimization system to empirical research,and analyzes the ecosystem service level,importance zoning,trade-off and synergy.Secondly,the objective well-being and subjective well-being of residents are measured and evaluated.A multi-dimensional ecological social coupling model from descriptive correlation framework,and a spatial correlation model are constructed based on the evaluation results.Finally,aiming at the coordinated improvement of ecosystem and society,this study optimizes the spatial pattern of mountain areas,and puts forward the landscape planning path based on the coordinated improvement of ecosystem services and social well-being.This study found that landscape planning in mountainous area should not only consider the sustainable provision of ecosystem services,but also consider the two-way social impact on the ecosystem.Therefore,it is necessary to fully analyze the multi-dimensional relationship between human well-being,natural,social and cultural values,so as to understand the service delivery and benefit acquisition,as well as its potential mechanism and driving factors.The calculated results show that most of the cultivated land is the most important for the provisioning services of jieshi Mountain area,followed by forest area,and the provisioning services function of Changli County is the weakest.The high value area of regulating services is concentrated in the forest land of Jieshi mountain and decreases to the surrounding plain area.The regulating services capacity of the east part is higher than that of the west part.The important regional distribution of supporting services is consistent with that of regulating services.Jieshi mountain forest area is the highest value,and the supporting function of surrounding cultivated land,rural residential areas and counties is weak.Cultural services show a very distinct importance in Liuhe area in the south-west of Jieshi mountain,which is also the area that most local residents and tourists will choose in their daily leisure and recreation.The well-being of rural residents in Jieshi Mountain area is at a high level in Qinhuangdao City,and there is little gap with the living standards of urban residents.The overall wellbeing level of urban and rural residents is at a medium level in China.The income distribution of regional residents is highly average,and there is no polarization between the rich and the poor.The results of the questionnaire survey show that the overall level of tourists’ subjective well-being in Jieshi Mountain area is high,while the overall level of local residents is above medium.Through factor analysis and principal component analysis,residents’ well-being is divided into life security,living environment,social relations and contentment.Based on the functional formulas of various dimensions obtained by regression analysis,the residents’ well-being relationship model in Jieshi Mountain area is constructed,and the spatial mapping of residents’ well-being is carried out through the correlation between land type and residents’ ecosystem service perception,so as to obtain the spatial distribution of the importance of well-being.Based on the Jieshi mountain land use data,evaluation results and ecological social coupling model,this study puts forward four development scenarios: background development scenario,ecological priority scenario,economic priority scenario and coordinated development scenario.After the overall scenario simulation and prediction of the study area,the four models conduct targeted zoning simulation,and compare the increase and decrease of the overall ecosystem service function,economy and subjective well-being in five cases.Finally,select the most appropriate scenario,or put forward a new optimization scheme by integrating multiple scenarios,and make targeted adjustment and applicability discussion on the evaluation optimization system in the optimization process and results.Finally,from the perspective of application,this study demonstrates the role of the evaluation optimization system of ecosystem services and social well-being in the spatial planning system,takes ecosystem services and social well-being as the guidance,and realizes the synergy from a more comprehensive and multi-functional perspective,in order to improve the level of regional ecosystem services in soil protection,habitat and biodiversity,multi-functional forest landscape and cultural services.Ecosystem services and social well-being evaluation optimization system combines the subjective and objective well-being of residents with ecosystem services,and evaluates them from multiple angles.The optimization results can provide scientific support for the optimal allocation of resources in ecological space,agricultural space and urban construction space in mountainous areas.This study creatively constructs the evaluation optimization system of ecosystem services and social well-being in mountainous area,and applies it to empirical research.The corresponding service-wellbeing correlation model is constructed by multi angle evaluation and analysis.The ecosystem services and social well-being are coupled from three dimensions: descriptive correlation framework,correlation function and spatial correlation model,and then the correlation models from different angles are applied to the corresponding stage of the collaborative optimization process of ecosystem services and social well-being.In addition,this study proposes to apply the method of zoning and scenario to predict land use,puts forward different development objectives for different service well-being spatial models according to the multi angle ecological social coupling relationship,set different development scenarios on this basis,and put forward Jieshi Mountain zoning development suggestions.The promotion of social well-being is the ultimate goal of human social development and the main goal of national space planning.This study improves the research system of ecosystem services and social well-being from the perspective of landscape architecture.The theoretical model of ecosystem services and social well-being will have important academic value and theoretical significance for the development of landscape architecture and human society.It can provide decision-making basis for planning decisionmakers in mountainous areas,and can be used as a reference basis for the selection of land management and ecological restoration means,so as to make mountainous areas more adapt to future needs and challenges.