Study On Upconversion Nanoparticles Fluorescence Detection Method Of Small Molecular Hazards In Potato Chips Processing

Potato chips are one of the most popular snacks favored by consumers and occupy a large proportion in potato products.However,due to the high-temperature processing conditions and high oil content of potato chips,various small-molecule hazards are easily generated during processing and storage,mainly including endogenous and exogenous hazards.The most hazardous and abundant substances include acrylamide,furfural,and phthalate acid esters,which are limited by relevant regulations in food both domestically and internationally.Although conventional detection methods can accurately analyze these hazards,their long analysis time,expensive equipment,and cumbersome operation limit their rapid detection.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore simple,low-cost,and fast-sensitive detection methods,which are more significant in ensuring food safety and consumer health.Upconversion fluorescence technology has unique luminescent properties and has been used to analyze various hazards in food,with significant merits indeed as high sensitivity and fast detection speed.Therefore,this study aims to construct highly sensitive and specific detection methods for the common hazards during potato chip processing,ultimately providing a basis for on-site analysis of small-molecule hazardous during potato chip processing.The specific research content is as follows:1.Study on upconversion detection method of acrylamide in potato chips based on glutathione.In view of the cumbersome operation and high detection cost of traditional methods,this research is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer of rhodamine B derivative-glutathione complex,which recognizes acrylamide by glutathione detection system.Firstly,rhodamine B derivative is modified on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles through non-covalent bonds.The binding of glutathione causes the red shift of the absorption peak of rhodamine B derivative and quenches the upconversion fluorescence.When acrylamide exists in the system,it undergoes Michael addition reaction with glutathione,and the intensity of the absorption peak of rhodamine B derivative decreases,leading to the recovery of fluorescence.Under the optimal experimental conditions,there is a linear correlation between upconversion fluorescence at 541nm and logarithm of acrylamide concentration,with a linear range of 7.1-7.1×10⁵μg/kg and a limit of detection of 0.048μg/kg.In the test of actual samples,the relative standard deviation is less than 10.79%.The detection results are not significantly different from those of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography method.The study shows that organic molecules as recognition elements can achieve the detection of acrylamide in potato chips.2.Study on upconversion detection method of furfural in potato chips based on p-toluidine.In order to simplify the build process and get faster detection speed,this research is based on the fluorescence inner filter effect and a detection system of upconversion and toluidine is constructed.When furfural is present in the system,colorless toluidine reacts with furfural to form a red substance,which overlaps with the upconversion emission peak and causes quenching.Under optimal experimental conditions,there is a linear correlation between the upconversion fluorescence ratio at 539 nm and 654 nm and the concentration of furfural,with a linear range of0.01-100μg/g and a limit of detection of 3.0μg/kg.The relative standard deviation in the testing of actual samples is below 7.14%.There is no significant difference between the results of the constructed detection system and the standard high-performance liquid chromatography method.The study shows that the detection system can achieve the detection of furfural in potato chips.3.Study on upconversion detection method of phthalate acid esters in potato chips based on Au NPs.In order to get better specificity in the detection,this research is based on the photo-induced electron transfer strategy and a detection system with aptamer recognition is constructed.First,gold nanoparticles are modified on the surface of the upconversion nanomaterial,and an aptamer with a sulfydryl group modification is bound through a gold-sulfur bond.When phthalate acid esters exist in the system,they specifically bind to the aptamer,causing the upconversion emission peak to be quenched by photo-induced electron transfer.Under optimal experimental conditions,there is a linear correlation between the upconversion fluorescence at 541 nm and the concentration of phthalate acid esters,with a linear range of 0.001-100μg/kg and the limit of detection is 0.0087μg/kg.The relative standard deviation in the detection of actual samples is less than 11.21%,and there is no significant difference between the results obtained with the traditional high-performance liquid chromatography method.The study shows that the constructed detection system can achieve the detection of phthalate acid esters in potato chips.4.Study on upconversion detection method for acrylamide in potato chips based on Ag NCs.In order to obtain higher detection sensitivity,this research is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer caused by silver nanoclusters templated on deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA）,and a detection system with aptamer recognition is constructed.Firstly,the designed DNA1 is modified on the surface of the core-shell upconversion nanomaterial through biotin-avidin interaction,and the aptamer and DNA2 are combined through complementary base pairing to form a DNA composite structure.Then,the DNA-templated silver nanoclusters are synthesized,and the upconversion fluorescence is quenched.The addition of acrylamide breaks the DNA hybrid structure by binding with the aptamer,thereby inhibiting the synthesis of silver nanoclusters and causing an increase in the fluorescence intensity of the solution.Under the optimal experimental conditions,there is a linear correlation between the upconversion fluorescence at 450 nm and the acrylamide concentration,and the linear range is 0.071-7100μg/kg,with a limit of detection of0.0078μg/kg.The relative standard deviation of actual sample detection is lower than 10.09%.There is no significant difference between the results and the traditional high-performance liquid chromatography method.The study shows that the constructed detection system can achieve the detection of acrylamide in potato chips,and can be further extended to the detection of small-molecule hazards.5.Study on the upconversion detection method of acrylamide in potato chips based on nanofluciferin.The above work is based on the liquid detection environment,to meet the convenient operation of on-site detection,this research is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect induced by silicone-nanosized fluorescein isothiocyanate（FITC@Si O₂）,and a fitting recognition solid-phase sensing detection system is constructed.Firstly,the aptamer is modified on the surface of the upconversion nanoparticle-doped polydimethylsiloxane film,and the FITC@Si O₂ and aptamer complementary chains are combined.FITC@Si O₂ is bound to the surface of the film through complementary base pairing,and the upconversion fluorescence is quenched.The addition of acrylamide and its specific binding to the aptamer caused FITC@Si O₂to detach and increase the fluorescence intensity of the film.Under the optimal experimental conditions,there is a linear correlation between the upconversion fluorescence at 450 nm and the concentration of acrylamide,with a linear range of 0.071-7100μg/kg and a LOD of 0.071μg/kg.There is also a linear correlation between the upconversion luminescence image and the concentration of acrylamide,with a linear range of 0.071-7100μg/kg and an LOD of 0.076μg/kg.In actual sample detection,the relative standard deviation of the spectral index method is less than11.97%,and the relative standard deviation of the luminescence image is less than 12.56%.There is no significant difference between the results of this study and traditional high-performance liquid chromatography method.The research shows that the constructed detection system can detect acrylamide in potato chips.It can also be used in the detection of small-molecule hazards detection during processing.This article focuses on three small-molecule hazards,namely acrylamide,furfural,and phthalate,in the processing of potato chips.Specific detection systems were constructed for each of the three hazards,and a more sensitive detection system was developed using acrylamide as the representative small-molecule hazards.A solid-phase detection method was further developed to provide a basis for on-site detection during the processing of potato chips.The research results provide ideas for the rapid detection of small-molecule hazards generated during potato chip processing,which is crucial to guarantee the safety of snack food.