| Energy is the lifeblood of national development and the "ballast stone" of China’s economy,under the guidance of the goal of "emission peak and carbon neutrality",energy strategy deployment has become an important topic for China’s future highquality economic development.Energy efficiency is a strong indicator to measure the level of low-carbon economic development,improving energy efficiency is the key to the current economic development towards green and low-carbon,however,singlefactor energy efficiency couldn’t reflect the economic development level of China’s regions under the constraints of the dual goals of energy conservation and emission reduction,in order to better measure the comprehensive ability of energy conservation and emission reduction in each region under a certain economic level,total-factor energy efficiency should be used to comprehensively evaluate the progress of carbon neutrality.To fundamentally improve energy efficiency,we must realize the transformation of consumer demand to green and low-carbon.In addition to macrocontrol of industrial structure and energy structure,government also needs to pay attention to the consumption sector to achieve supply-side and demand-side two-wheel drive.Production is for consumption,and changes in consumption structure will also change the production structure,so can the improvement of green consumption level on the demand side force the improvement of energy efficiency on the production side?What kind of pathway,mechanism and preconditions are required for the impact to occur? This study discusses these issues,and the specific research content and conclusions are as follows:Firstly,starting from single-factor energy efficiency to the introduction of total factor energy efficiency,this study sorts out the development context of non-parametric total factor energy efficiency,selects five representative models for detailed explanation,and then selects the more flexible non-radial model SBM and NDDF methods to measure the energy efficiency of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2000 to 2020,and the two types of energy efficiency measurement results are similar.From the perspective of the national average,the energy efficiency of all factors shows a state of first declining and then rising,which is different from the state of single factor energy efficiency first stable and unchanged and then continuously rising,which comes from the substitution relationship between factors.From the perspective of regional distribution,total factor energy efficiency shows the highest form in the east,the second in the central region and the lowest in the west,which is consistent with China’s economic development and actual energy utilization level.Then,the energy rebound effect is introduced,that is,with the improvement of energy efficiency,the change of energy price and energy demand may lead to an increase in energy consumption,and the level of energy rebound effect in China is measured,which proves that there is a partial rebound effect in China.Then,this study reviews the index evaluation system and measurement methods of green consumption level at home and abroad.Based on the low-carbon perspective,this study establishes an index evaluation system of green consumption in China,which measures the green consumption level of various provinces in China from four dimensions: indirect energy consumption and direct energy consumption level of residents,green degree of consumption environment and consumption structure.The index calculation results show that China’s green consumption level has been on the rise from 2000 to 2020,of which "green goods and services consumption" is the main factor for the improvement of the overall level of green consumption.Further through the Thiel Index method,Gini Coefficient method,Kernel Density Estimation,Markov Transfer Matrix and other methods to analyze the temporal and spatial differences of green consumption index.From the perspective of regional distribution,China’s green consumption level from high to low is western,eastern,central,and there are large differences within regions and small differences between regions,and the interaction between regions is expanding.From the perspective of time,China’s green consumption index shows a dynamic evolution process from low level to high level,the difference between regions shows a trend of first narrowing and then increasing,the green consumption level of each province is relatively stable,mostly maintained in a fixed range,and the potential of transfer to high level is greater,and the risk of downward transfer is low.Based on the above calculation results,the effect of green consumption on energy efficiency and energy rebound effect is tested through empirical analysis.In view of the particularity of the two-stage regression of nonparametric technical efficiency,in order to ensure consistent estimation results in the empirical evidence,two two-stage regression models are introduced,namely the BN model based on OLS and the SW model based on Bootstrap-Truncate,and the two models are applied simultaneously in the subsequent analysis,and the estimation results of the two types of two-stage models are consistent in terms of parameter signation and significance,which proves that regional green consumption in China has a significant role in promoting energy efficiency.After a series of endogenous tests and robust tests,the conclusion is still valid.Through the panel fixed effect model,it is proved that green consumption has a significant inhibitory effect on energy rebound.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the promotion effect of green consumption on energy efficiency and the inhibitory effect of energy rebound are more significant in the eastern and central regions of China,but have not yet played an obvious role in the western provinces of China.Finally,the path,mechanism and threshold conditions of green consumption affecting energy efficiency are examined.The results of the mediation effect test show that the increase in green consumption demand can promote the improvement of energy efficiency by promoting energy structure optimization,green technology innovation,and import and export trade activities.The results of the moderating effect test show that the improvement of marketization and the improvement of industrial agglomeration can strengthen the promotion of green consumption on energy efficiency,and the positive impact of industrial agglomeration is more significant.The results of the panel threshold test show that when the regional resource dependence is lower than the threshold value,green consumption can effectively promote energy efficiency improvement,and when the regional resource dependence is higher than the threshold value,green consumption has a restraining effect on energy efficiency;when the regional average temperature is less than the threshold value,the increase in green consumption demand has no significant impact on energy efficiency,while when the regional average temperature is higher than the threshold value,the increase in green consumption demand has a significant promotion effect on energy efficiency. |
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