Green Development Of Grassland Animal Husbandry On Qinghai-tibet Plateau

Green Development offers clear insights into the challenges of environmental sustainability,and social and economic development.It is in line with China’s aspirations to build a green,harmonious society with ecological civilization.The CPC and the Chinese government’s continual emphasis of the importance of a green economy has fostered a growing public awareness of green development.Since the 18^thNational Congress of the CPC,promoting a green development in economy has become a strategic goal.In response to the environmental challenges,the concept of green development is brought into being for a sustainable society that balances the needs of nature and human communities.It calls for a change in conventional ways of life and production,hence a green,low-carbon socio-economic development for ecological civilization.China is abundant in grassland resources,with the 2^ndlargest grassland c overage in the world—around 400,000,000 hectares of grasslands.Grassland-covered regions are the main inhabited ones by ethnic minorities in China,o r more specifically,72%of the total population of ethnic minorities in China settles in pastoral areas.Grassland animal husbandry is the mainstay of past oral areas.In recent years,due to desertification,rat and pest infestation and overgrazing,grassland ecology and graziery development have begun to stop progressing and even retrogress.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau boasts a very imp ortant status in politics,military affairs,economy,ecology and culture in Chin a.It is an important frontier shield,a protection zone of ecological environm ent,an area rich in natural resources,a carrier of Tibetan culture and Buddhi sm in China,and an important field to promote ethnic unity and common pr ogress.Grassland animal husbandry plays a critical role in the national econo mic and social development and progress in ethnic areas.Owing to differing factors such as the special natural geographical environment,weak economic f oundation and unbalanced industrial structure in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau regi on,the difficulties in the development of animal husbandry facing Qinghai-Ti bet Plateau are manifold.Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is located at the junction where three provinces（Sichuan,Gansu and Qinghai）meet,which connects the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Chengdu Plain.It is“anatural bridge”from southwest to northwest.Aba Prefecture is a much-celebrated old revolutionary base area.The Chinese Workers’and Peasants’Red Army spent 16 months in Aba Prefecture,climbing the snow-capped mountains and trudging over the grasslands,which gave birth to the Red Culture of the Long March of 25,000 Li.Being a vital place for the protection and development of the Red Culture in China,Aba Prefecture has a total land area of 8.303 million hm2,of which 4.521 million hm²or 44.57%is The development of animal husbandry in Aba Prefecture is typical and representative in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.In order to explore the approaches to green animal husbandry,this paper,based on the analysis framework of political economics,and the sinicization and innovation of thoughts and theories of Marxist ecological civilization,is aimed to make a tentative analysis of the economic characteristics of animal husbandry on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and clarify the intrinsic association among the animal husbandry economy and other relevant economy and the prairie culture.Based on a detailed and in-depth analysis of the status quo of green animal husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and on the experiences of some countries or regions advanced in animal husbandry like United States,European countries,Australia,and China’s Inner Mongolia,the general evaluation system of sustainable development of animal husbandry is constructed with Aba Grasslands as the research object,via building the index system of the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Aba Prefecture,and on the carrying capacity of grassland resources,this paper explores the status quo of the graziery,its existing problems and main reasons of the carrying capacity of grassland resources in Aba Prefecture and its five pastoral counties.At the same time,from the perspective of the subjects of micro-production and management,the production efficiency animal husbandry in Aba and its influential factors are investigated,and the production efficiency of Aba grassland animal husbandry is measured and analyzed by using Stochastic Frontier Analysis Model（SFA）to find the methods and approaches to uplifting the production efficiency of animal husbandry in Aba.On this basis,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote the green development of animal husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The research comes to the conclusions that:1.Through the analysis of the present situation and problems of green animal husbandry on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,we find that the main factors restricting the green animal husbandry are its fixed grazing production mode,system design,herds-men’s ideology,government’s supportive policies and scientific and technological support system.2.By drawing lessons from the experiences of developed countries and regions in animal husbandry,we come to realize that it is a sure guarantee for the development of animal husbandry in a country or region to choose animal species suitable for local feeding,stipulate grazing quantity scientifically,set up supporting policies,apply scientific and technological means,and give priority to ecological environment and green development.3.In the process of green animal husbandry,we should further strengthen the protection of grassland ecology,explore and popularize a new balanced development model of grass and livestock,increase subsidies and rewards,consolidate the development foundation of modern grassland animal husbandry,further the support for infrastructure construction,strengthen scientific research counterpart assistance and livestock breed improvement,and consolidate the carrier of modern animal husbandry.The innovation of institutional mechanism,the implementation of long-term incentive policies,and the introduction of insurance system are ways to enhance the vitality of modern grassland animal husbandry.4.Building index system for the evaluation of the sustainability of grassland animal husbandry in Aba in the aspects of production,economy,environment and ecology by the principal component analysis method and the compatibility analysis method,this paper intends to reveal the possible dilemmas existing in the process of sustainable development and provide references for the sustainable development of Aba’s animal husbandry.After the evaluation,we find that Aba Prefecture in recent years has achieved certain results and has comprehensively been developing,which means that in these years,Aba Prefecture has enhanced its ability in sustainable animal husbandry,and the basic situation of sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry is good.From the perspective of each subsystem in Aba Prefecture,the comprehensive evaluation value of production,economy,society and ecology has changed from negative to positive,and the sustainable development ability of each subsystem has been significantly improved.The coordination among the subsystems and the sustainable development among them have changed from uncoordinated to coordinated or basically coordinated,indicating that the coordination has also been significantly enhanced.5.From the perspective of the carrying capacity of grassland resources,this paper explores and analyzes the current development,existing problems and their leading causes in Aba Prefecture and its five pastoral counties.The research results show that in Aba Prefecture,the carrying capacity of the actual livestock is much larger than that of the theoretical livestock carrying capacity.As a result,the grassland carrying is of high pressure and the grassland productivity and carrying capacity have declined.The carrying capacity of actual livestock in the five pastoral counties is also larger than that of the theoretical livestock,and all of them are overloaded in varying degrees.Among them,the overloading rates in Ruoergai,Aba and Hongyuan counties are relatively low,while those in Zamtang and Songpan counties are relatively high.Overgrazing,excessive dependence on natural grasslands and insufficient construction of standard grasslands are the main causes for the decline of grassland carrying capacity in Aba Prefecture.6.The Stochastic Frontier Analysis Model（SFA）is used to measure and analyze the productivity of grassland animal husbandry in Aba Prefecture.The results suggest that the improvement of productivity of animal husbandry has a dramatic impact on the increase of herdsmen’s income and the sustainable development of grasslands.The overall production efficiency of grassland animal husbandry in Aba Prefecture is not high.—The production of animal husbandry is short in the application of scientific and technological advances,and is much less mechanized.Aba grassland animal husbandry production relies too much on the input of labor forces,and the marginal output elasticity of labor is greater than that of capital and land.In addition to the production input factors,the educational level of herdsmen,the number of herdsmen and the density of livestock all exert considerable influence on the production efficiency of grassland animal husbandry.Moreover,herdsman’s production and management modes bring about effects on the improvement of the production efficiency of grassland animal husbandry.Herdsmen who“buy forages”and“sell livestock”are relatively highly productive.Based on the research and its conclusions,the proposals this paper puts forward for the promotion of a green development in animal husbandry on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are as follows:1)establishing the brand“Grassland Animal Husbandry on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”which features green,organic products,2)setting up institutional arrangements and policies to support a green development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,3)facilitating further integration of animal husbandry and culture into green tourism,and 4)opening up to the outside world on a broader scale with an accelerating green growth.The countermeasures and suggestions have important reference value in promoting the economic development of ethnic regions,innovating and implementing ecological protection,national unity and structural adjustment of animal husbandry.The countermeasures and suggestions have important reference value for relevant government departments to further promote and implement ecological protection in ethnic areas,increase the adjustment of animal husbandry structure,and ultimately promote high-quality economic development in ethnic areas and consolidate ethnic unity.