Multi-pollutant Co-reduction Based Coal Mining And Coal Mine Closure Economic-ecological Balanced Management

China is facing serious environmental pollution problems caused by coal mining and coal mine closure.In the new era of promoting ecological civilization construction,speeding up the reform of ecological civilization system and energy supply side structure put forward higher requirements for the environmental management of the coal industry.Under the dual pressures of ensuring economic development and reducing environmental impact,enhancing environmental optimization management of the coal industry,minimizing the damages to the ecological environment during the coal mining and after coal mine closure are all significant to effectively promote the ecological transformation and upgrading of the coal industry.However,insufficient practical problems and scientific research have led to the imperfection of the environmental optimization management system,the unreasonable internal operation and the deviation of practical application during the coal mining and coal mine closure processes based on multi-pollutant emission co-reduction.With government agencies and coal companies as the main actors,fully considering the conflicts between economic development and environmental protection in the management system,this research proposed a multi-agent,multi-level,multi-dimension industrial ecological management system for coal mining and coal mine closure to conduct economic-ecological equilibrium management research based on multi-pollutant emission reduction.Aiming at coal mining under three different quota mechanisms and abandoned coal mine reutilization under two different management mode,the research concluded five subproblems for detailed research,which formed a complete horizontal research system and a comprehensive vertical research body.First,coal mining optimization under the mining quota equilibrium was studied.In accordance with the local government’s dual requirements for the maximization of regional revenues and the minimization of coal mining emissions,as well as the pursuit of economic benefits by coal enterprise managers,establishing a bi-level multi-objective planning model considering the decision-making contents of mining quota distribution and coal seam production plans to describe the interactive decisionmaking relationship.A constrained transformation method and an interactive algorithm were designed to provide the possibility of calculation for the model and then the feasibility of the model was verified through the application of actual cases in Lu’an mining area.It showed the effectiveness of coal mining optimization management under the mining quota equilibrium to realize the balance between economy and environment based on the goal of multiple pollutants emission reduction.Management policy recommendations were put forward on the basis of comprehensive discussion and analysis of the calculation results.Then,the optimization of coal mining under the pollution quota restriction was researched.Considering the decision-making relationship of the government as the“leader” and coal mining enterprises as the “followers”,the government’s management requirements for economic benefits and environmental performances,and the competitive relationship among coal mining enterprises under the pollution quota restriction,this chapter built a bi-level multi-objective planning model to characterize the complex decision-making relationship of the management system and achieve a balance between economic and environmental goals.Then,using KKT condition and-constraint conversion method to transform the global model into a form that was easy to be calculated.And then,the model was applied to an actual case where the results verified that coal mining coordination under the pollution quota restriction can achieve the government’s multiple management goals and also ensure the economic profits of coal mining enterprises.In addition,research on coal mining coordination under the mixed quota guidance was conducted.In order to reflect the “influence-feedback” decision-making relationship between the regional government and coal mining enterprises in the decisionmaking process,we designed a bi-level multi-objective model where the government decides the distribution of mining quotas and pollution quotas,and the coal mine managers decide coal seam mining plan.In this model,the upper-level government pursued balanced economic and environmental development,and the lower-level coal mine enterprises pursued their own maximum profits.With the help of the hybrid optimization algorithm design and actual case data analysis,it analyzed the decision schemes of different decision-makers’ target preferences and the comparative analysis of the management effects under different mechanisms,and forms the relevant management suggestions.Besides,reutilization of closed coal mines under the technological paradigm exploring was researched.By analyzing the negative impacts of the abandoned coal mines on the economy,environment and society,this chapter proposed a data-driven literature mining method to explore and analyze the technological paradigm of abandoned coal mine reutilization.Then,the ecological technological paradigm of abandoned coal mine reuse was obtained,and some management strategies were put forward under the concept of sustainable and ecological reuse of abandoned coal mines to achieve emission reduction of various pollutants and also take into account the balance between economy and ecology.Finally,research on abandoned coal mine reutilization under the ecological scenario mode was studied.Through the analysis of the current situation and related policies of abandoned coal mine reutilization,it analyzed the shortcomings of this field at present.Under the ecological scenario mode,we looked forward to its future comprehensive reuse scenarios based on abandoned coal mine reutilization technological paradigm,which can reduce residual pollutant emissions and also achieve balanced economic and ecological development.Based on this,key challenges that would be faced and need to be solved in the realization of future reuse scenarios were summarized,and some policy recommendations were also put forward.These five research subjects involved the links of coal mining and coal mine closure,and it was carried out by adopting optimization modeling methods and technological paradigm methods for different environmental management characteristics.Among the five research subjects,the first three questions focused on coal mining process.From the perspective of the mining quota,pollution quota,and mixed quota management respectively,they considered a conflict coordination approach involving multiple bodies with interactive decision-making relationship and multiple management objectives with conflicting relationship.Then,coal mining management schemes based on different quota mechanisms were obtained and their management effects were compared.These three questions were studied from different analysis perspectives and were related to each other in the content.After the completion of the mission of coal mining,coal mines would inevitably enter the stage of closure and withdrawal.It is equally important to pay attention to the environmental protection issues after the coal mine closure.Pollution reduction based balanced management of economy and environment in abandoned coal mine reutilization was a continuation of the relevant research on coal mining links in time,which could form a complete environmental management system from coal mining process to coal mine closure stage.The last two questions focused on the link of coal mine closure.According to the characteristics of environmental management in coal mine closure stage that were different from coal mining,the ecological technological paradigm of abandoned coal mine reuse was summarized,and the future reuse scenarios under ecological scenario mode were put forward.The research contents of the five subjects covered the main environmental protection issues of coal mining and coal mine closure.In terms of the research level,it formed two research levels where one was coal mining optimization under three kinds of quota management and another was abandoned coal mine reuse under two kinds of management perspectives.Finally,an environmental management system that integrates coal enterprises and government agencies has been constructed,which was pertinent and practical for research on the sub-problems and comprehensive and systematic for the whole environmental management system.The innovations of this research mainly included:(1)Constructing a bi-level interactive management system for coal mining optimization under different quota mechanisms.For the main characteristics of the economic-ecological equilibrium management of coal mining under different quota mechanisms,the conflicts between the economy and the environment in the coal mining process based on multi-pollution reduction were studied;thereby,establishing a management decision-making system involving local government and coal mine managers at two decision levels.This interactive management system incorporated decision makers of different management levels and management functions into the same system for consideration.Compared with the previous management research in this field which mainly focused on a single perspective,a single goal,or a single subject,it improved the level,systematicness and completeness of the research on environmental management of coal mining system.The bi-level interactive management system fully considered the conflict between economic development and environmental protection in the coal mining process,which not only conforms to the basic characteristics of the actual operation mechanism of the coal mining system,but also meets the development requirements of coal mining environmental management at the current stage.(2)Forming the environmental management research combining the optimization model method with the technological paradigm approach.In view of the different typical characteristics of the economic and ecological balanced management in coal mining and coal mine closure process,the optimization model and the technological paradigm were innovatively combined to study the problem.On the one hand,the optimization model method was adopted to study the coal mining management problems under different quota mechanisms.By abstracting the mathematical and physical models of complex problems,it provided a comprehensive,scientific and effective decision-making tool for realizing the satisfactory strategy of coal mining environmental management.On the other hand,with the help of relevant theories and methods of technological paradigm,this research studied the environmental management after coal mine closure,and the future scenarios of comprehensive reuse with both economic and environmental benefits were innovatively prospected under the ecological scenario mode.Through the combination of these two methods,it broke through the previous research on coal mine environmental management which focused on qualitative methods,and summarized the different management methods of economic-ecological balanced management in the process of coal mining and after coal mine closure,which was more targeted and practical for the solution of specific problems.(3)Realizing the innovative environmental management system with different management characteristics of coal mining and coal mines closure.The third,fourth and fifth chapters took Shanxi Lu’an mining area as the case area to carry on the practical application research.Combined with the actual geographical characteristics,management mechanism and policy system of the case area,the validity and feasibility of the relevant planning models were verified through the analysis of the calculation results of actual data in Lu’an mining area,and a series of management suggestions were formed on this basis.The sixth and seventh chapters,based on the analysis of scientific research literature and the summary of actual cases,summarized the evolution current situation of the reuse technology paradigm after the coal mines closure,predicted the future ecological reutilization scenarios,analyzed the potential challenges and difficulties,and then formed relevant policy suggestions.Through the combination of the two research patterns,the previous research on coal mine environmental management which only focused on a single link was expanded,and an innovative environmental management system based on different management characteristics of coal mining and coal mine closure process was obtained,thus providing scientific and comprehensive policy suggestions for relevant managers.The dissertation enriched the research on economic and environmental equilibrium management during coal mining and after coal mine closure.From the perspective of management,it studied decision-making schemes for coal mining optimization under different quota mechanisms and measured their corresponding economic and ecological performance,as well as studying the economic and environmental equilibrium patterns of abandoned coal mine reutilization under the ecological scenario mode.The research coordinated the conflicts between economic development and environmental protection faced by the coal industry,solved the problems of unsubstantial coal mining management system and insufficient environmental protection awareness of coal enterprises,and alleviated the thought of “Only paying attention to production but making light of emissions” and the bad status of “Only caring about the coal mining link but ignoring the closure link”.In summary,this dissertation has important practical significance and reference value in terms of providing management suggestions and policy recommendations for the development of coal-related industries.