The Mechanism Of Terahertz Electromagnetic Wave Generation,Transmission And Interaction In Nerve Cells

A substantial body of scientific research indicates a unique intrinsic connection between terahertz（THz）signals and neural activity.THz radiation,as a novel stimulus,exerts a significant influence on many chemical reaction processes within neural activity and the generation and transmission of neural electrical signals.However,the mechanisms underlying the generation,transmission,and coupling of THz waves in neural activity remain unclear.To understand the physical mechanisms of THz electromagnetic wave generation,transmission,and interaction within neural cells and to explore the impact of THz waves on complex biological systems and their application in the field of life sciences,this paper is based on electromagnetic field theory and involves extensive theoretical research.Its main research content and innovations are as follows:1.A physical model is established for the regulatory role of THz waves on calcium ion transmembrane transport in voltage-gated calcium ion channels.The study explores the physical mechanisms of THz wave regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport in calcium ion channels.By supplementing and modifying the classical Brownian motion equations,it further investigates the radiation spectrum of calcium ion motion in calcium ion channels and the influence of THz radiation on calcium ion transmembrane transport.2.In the THz frequency range,the dielectric constants of biological macromolecules,cells,and tissues are no longer constant but exhibit frequency-dependent correlations.This characteristic change can be described using a second-order Debye model,which introduces dispersion in the frequency domain,requiring convolution transformations in the time domain.To address the issue of cell membrane thickness being much smaller than the grid resolution of finite-difference time-domain（FDTD）algorithms,this paper utilizes a cell algorithm to equivalent the cell membrane to a conventional grid.Considering the dispersive properties of the dielectric constants of neural cells and background media,a physical model for THz wave transmission in neural cells is established.The study investigates the relationship between changes in the electric field strength inside cells and frequency as well as cell volume size,and explores the confinement properties of THz photon energy in neural cells.Using the above methods,this paper constructs a simulation algorithm for the transmission characteristics of THz waves in neural cells.3.The myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers has a high dielectric constant in the THz to far-infrared frequency range,making nerve fibers enveloped by the myelin sheath analogous to a waveguide with an optical fiber-like structure.Unlike traditional optical fibers composed of a low-refractive-index cladding surrounding a high-refractive-index core,nerve fibers consist of a high-dielectric-constant sheath（myelin）enclosing a low-dielectric-constant physiological fluid,resulting in slightly different propagation modes.The diameter of nerve fibers is on the order of micrometers,similar to the THz wavelength.Therefore,based on electromagnetic field theory,through theoretical derivation,dispersion equations for THz waves in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve axons are established,yielding dispersion curves for different modes.The theory confirms the ability of nerve fibers to transmit THz waves.4.Using the mode-matching theory of electromagnetic waves,a mode-matching algorithm for longitudinally discontinuous surfaces is established to study the influence of Ranvier nodes in nerve fibers on THz wave transmission.Based on this method,the paper calculates the scattering parameters of THz waves at Ranvier nodes,and the results indicate that the transmission loss(S₂₁)is greater than-5 d B,providing theoretical evidence for the low attenuation of THz wave transmission due to Ranvier node structures.5.Building upon the study of the non-thermal effects of THz waves on neural activity,and to analyze the thermal effects of THz waves and their potential impact,this paper uses the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD）algorithm to couple multiple physical fields such as electrical,magnetic,thermal,mechanical,and acoustic fields in the context of THz-induced thermoacoustic processes.A simulation algorithm for THz photoacoustic effects is developed,investigating the physical mechanisms of generating dual photoacoustic signals under THz long-pulse induction.Simultaneously,verification experiments are designed to confirm the theoretical predictions,and the experimental results align with the theoretical predictions.This theory establishes the foundation for subsequent research on the regulatory effects of THz photoacoustic signals on neural activity.