Ecological Effects And Mechanisms Of Light Conditions On Invasive Plant Bidens Pilosa Under Global Warming

The proliferation of invasive species,mainly plant invasion,has been exacerbated by human activities and trade,resulting in the destroy of ecological structure and the loss of biodiversity in the invaded regions,leading to significant economic losses,and even jeopardizing social security and stability.As a complex ecological process,the process of plant invasion is affected by environmental changes,thus,comprehending the ecological impacts of environmental changes on invasion and native plants has become pivotal in predicting and regulating plant invasion in the future.Light,as an important resource and regulatory signal that can directly act on plants,has been largely ignored in the research of plant invasion,and there are few reports on further research in the context of global warming.This research focuses on Bidens pilosa – B.birnata,to study the single and interactive change of simulate global warming and light conditions(including photoperiod,light intensity,light quality and UV-A)in a potted plant experiment which utilized different planting methods(the quantity ratio between invasive and local plants)to statistically analyze the differences in response of invasive and native plant apparent growth,leaf performance,biomass and element allocation strategies to changes in temperature and light conditions,aiming at systematically demonstrating the impact of temperature and light conditions on the process of plant invasion.To answer the following scientific questions:(1)Is there an interactive ecological effect between temperature and light conditions? What is the implications of this interaction?(2)What is the mechanism of interaction between temperature and light conditions?(3)Which of the invasive and native plants can benefit more from changes in temperature and light conditions?This research revealed that,under ordinary environmental conditions,invasive plant represented by B.pilosa do not exhibit any growth advantages over their closely related native plant B.biternata.Nevertheless,with the change of environmental temperature and light conditions,the growth performance of invasive plants has improved more than that of native plants.This heightened ability to adapt and utilize environmental changes might be the key to the successful invasion of invasive plants.In addition,warming will inhibit the ecological effects of changes in light conditions other than the UV-A,meaning that an antagonistic effect between both factors might exist,indicating that the interaction between multiple environmental change factors may be extensive.Multi-factor experiments are the key basis for better studying the mechanism and process of plant invasion in the context of global environmental change.In addition,the warming of different species based on varing base temperatures could result in ecological effects of different ranges and even directions,either positive or negative.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the base temperatures of the origin and the invaded areas of the species in the future research on the response of plant invasion to global warming.In summary,the main findings of this research are as follows:(1)In the potted plant experiment,the influence of artificial warming and photoperiod change on B.pilosa and B.biternate was studied,the research found that the positive effect of warming on B.pilosa and B.biternata would be inhibited by the extension of light duration,implying that warming and long light had antagonistic effects on the growth of both.Additionally,both B.pilosa and B.biternata are negatively affected by the impact of prolonged light,with both species exhibiting a similar response range.B.biternata can maintain its growth advantage within its original habitat,indicating that only with appropriate increments in temperature and light duration,B.biternata may be a potential option to limit the invasion of B.pilosa.(2)Through the pot experiment examining the influence of artificial warming and light intensity change on B.pilosa and B.biternata,it was discovered that warming based on higher temperature has an ecological effect of inhibiting the growth of B.pilosa and B.biternate.Conversely,high light intensity will promote the growth of both plants,with a certain degree of antagonism between temperature and strong light.At the same time,B.pilosa has a better tolerance to temperature and the ability to utilize strong light.Changes in temperature and light intensity can reduce the growth advantages of the native plant B.biternata compared with B.pilosa.The findings suggest that: under conditions of a wider range of temperature and light intensity increase,the B.biternata may be difficult to maintain its original advantages;and the ecological effect of temperature rise will be different under different basic environmental temperature conditions.(3)Through the pot experiment on the effect of artificial warming and light quality change on B.pilosa and B.biternata,it was found that increasing red light and far red light can promote the growth of B.pilosa and B.biternate.However,this positive effect would be weakened by temperature rise,implying an antagonistic effect between the two.B.pilosa and B.biternata responded in a similar way to changes in temperature and light quality,but B.pilosa demonstrated better adaptability to the change of environment,and the change of temperature and light intensity can reduce the growth advantage of the native plant B.biternata compared to B.pilosa.It shows that the red light and far red light in conjunction with warming may weaken the relative cause of the B.pilosa and B.biternata,and may promote the invasion of B.pilosa.(4)Through the pot experiment simulating the effect of temperature and UV-A increase on B.pilosa and B.biternata,it was found that the increase of temperature and UV-A promoted the growth of the two plants,and both were more sensitive to temperature changes.However,there is no evidence of interaction can be identified between temperature and UV-A in the research.Changes in temperature and UV-A also reduce the growth advantages of the native plant,B.biternate,compared to B.pilosa.The results highlight that: B.pilosa may have more advantages in the case of a larger range of temperature and UV-A increase;and the warming of different plant species or at different base temperatures may yield varying ecological effects on plants.In terms of research innovation: based on the previous literature research and research foundation,this research creatively proposed the scientific issue of the impact of temperature and light conditions on the process of plant invasion.By dissecting and studying the different dimensions of light separately before combining them for analysis and discussion,the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the ecological effects of light,which is a complex environmental factor.In this research,the temperature difference control device is used to ensure the stability of the experimental warming effect,while still maintaining the reduction of the real ambient temperature fluctuations.This methodology allows for the precise control and manipulation of environmental factors to study their ecological effects on plant invasion,making this research an innovative and pioneering contribution to the plant invasion field.To sum up,the research results of this paper provide a valuable insight into the ecological response of plant invasion to light conditions under the background of global warming.The study builds a foundation for future research in this area,and also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for scientific prediction and control of future plant invasion process.By highlighting the ecological effects of light and temperature on plant invasion,this research contributes to our broader understanding of the impact of environmental change on ecosystem s,and underscores the need for strategic interventions to regulated plant invasion and maintain ecosystem balance.