Study And Practice Of Smart High-containment Biological Laboratory

High-containment biological laboratories are important facilities to provide security for the research of highly pathogenic microorganisms.Since the 21 st century,there have been a series of biosafety incidents caused by iconic highly pathogenic microorganisms such as "Anthrax Mail","SARS",and "COVID-19".The demand for study on highly pathogenic microorganisms has increased significantly,and biosafety laboratories have also received more widespread attention.According to the Global Bio Labs Report 2023,the number of BSL-4 under construction or planned to operate worldwide has reached 69 as of early 2023.As the number of biological laboratories continues to increase,the comprehensive risk posed by biological activities is also rising.Therefore,how to further standardize the management of biological laboratories and reduce the biosafety risks arising from pathogenic microbiology institutes an urgent problem to be solved.Based on deep investigation on the development status of intelligent technologies,biosafety laboratories and laboratory management,this work systematically studies the theory of “smart high-containment biological laboratory” and puts forward the construction and design requirements for the hardware modules and management systems of smart highcontainment biological laboratory.And based on the consideration of guiding the construction of smart high-containment biological laboratories and comprehensively evaluating the smart degree of laboratory,an evaluation system framework for smart high-containment biological laboratory is proposed.Finally,based on the needs of establishing laboratory infection risk models and building smart risk management systems,combined with the needs of epidemic prevention and control,continuous monitoring of exhaled aerosol viral loads of patients with different variants of SARS-Co V-2 infection was conducted.The specific research contents of this topic are as follows:1 Concept,modules and aims of smart high-containment biological laboratoryIn order to clarify the direction and significance of the smart construction of highcontainment biological laboratory.In this part of the study,we deeply investigate the related materials including facilities,equipment,technology,application reports,standards,and frontier progress,comprehensively organizes the insights of experts in the field of biosafety.And then we conduct a theoretical study on the smart of high-containment biological laboratories about concept,functional modules,and the objectives.The results of the study show that to improve the operating environment of high-containment biological laboratory in terms of safety,efficiency,and energy saving,the smart high-containment biological laboratory should have the functions of automatic acquisition,integrated decision making,optimal control,and independent learning.This part of the study provides a theoretical basis for the development of smart high-containment biological laboratories.2 The construction of hardware module of smart high-containment biological laboratoryIn order to further clarify the construction details of the smart high-containment biological laboratory,this part of the study refers to the national standards for the construction and requirements of high-containment biological laboratory,combines the concept of smartbased operation.We elaborate the hardware parameters and functional requirements required in the smart-based construction of ventilation and air conditioning system,environmental control system and computer network system of high-containment biological laboratory and apply the research results to guide the construction of actual engineering projects.3 Design of the smart management system for high-containment biological laboratoryThe smart management system of high-containment biological laboratory is the core element to realize the smart functions.This part of the study proposes the system design and module function requirements of the smart management system,elaborates the operation strategy of the smart management system,which provides the future erection of the smart management system of high-containment biological laboratory.4 Construction of the evaluation system for smart high-containment biological laboratoryTo evaluate the smart level of high-containment biological laboratory more scientifically,fill the gap of this research,and guide the construction of smart high-containment biological laboratories in the future.This part of the study successfully constructs a smart evaluation system of high-containment biological laboratory through literature research and Delphi method,etc.The system specifies the infrastructure construction required in the construction of smart high-containment biological laboratory.And the application scenarios of sensing,analysis,decision making,execution and learning capabilities,and the user experience items that need to be focused on.This part of the study provides design ideas and verification indicators for the construction of smart high-containment biological laboratory.5.Environmental hazard assessment of highly pathogenic microorganisms and the monitoring of human healthThe protection focus of high-containment biological laboratories is to protect laboratory staff and the external environment from the hazards of highly pathogenic microorganisms operated,and the focus is on aerosol exposure and aerosol leakage.Safety is the core objective of the construction of a smart high-containment biological laboratory,including the safety of environmental parameter control such as negative pressure and pressure gradient,risk monitoring and early warning,and personnel prevention of accidental exposure to pathogenic microorganism aerosols in the laboratory.In this section,firstly we use the technology of aerosol collection to study the breath emission rate of patients which infected with SARS-Co V-2 variants,which provides the data foundation for building the intelligent risk management system.Secondly,we successfully collect the infectious exhaled breath condensate samples from patients infected with the SARS-Co V-2 variants.Verified the necessity of monitoring environmental pathogen aerosol and the feasibility of real-time monitoring of pathogen through the technology of aerosol collection.Thirdly,targeted vaccination is an effective means to ensure the formation of an immune barrier for staff in high-containment biological laboratories.In this part,we showed that the neutralization effect of serums from patients with different vaccination statuses and BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection decreased with the different Omicron subvariants.Those results showed that the existing vaccines could no longer provide effective protection,and it is necessary to design specific vaccines against emerging epidemic strains.In summary,this research comprehensively interprets the smart requirements of the entire life cycle of high-containment biological laboratories from five aspects: theory,hardware,software,technology,and evaluation system.Through the monitoring of the SARSCo V-2 in exhaled breath of patients,we provide a method basis and data support for the establishment of the real-time monitoring system for pathogenic microbial aerosols and the smart risk management system.