The Application Of Super-stable Interferometer In Quantum Physics Experiments

The interferometer has been widely applied in quantum information technology,such as quantum entanglement,quantum metrology,and quantum communication.Stimulated by the launch of the "Micius" quantum science satellite,many traditional quantum technologies are developing compatible with satellite-ground quantum communication.Conventional interferometers built with optomechanical structures are not suitable for application in long-range quantum experiments regarding stability,integration,and visibility.The thesis first investigates the critical technology of interferometers suitable for satellite-ground quantum communication.By analyzing the characteristics of atmospheric turbulence,we conduct thorough theoretical research and scheme design of the interferometer.We construct a highly stable interferometer with all-fused silica material using a novel integration technology.The interferometer can maintain visibility>97.5%for several days and has good robustness.Developing this interferometer solves the technical bottleneck of photon interference at long distances and thus paves the way for many quantum physics experiments in the satellite-ground channel.The thesis then describes the application of the high-stable interferometer in satellite-based quantum experiments.We realize the first experimental demonstration of quantum state transferring between two places on Earth 1200 km apart using a highly stable interferometer and the entanglement distribution of the Micius satellite,which is an essential step toward global quantum networks and quantum communication.We propose an experimental scheme of delayed-choice quantum erasure by combining interferometer with satellite technology to carry out the fundamental quantum physics at a large scale in space.In addition,the entanglement source towards long-distance quantum interference is studied,aiming to expand the application scenarios of interferometers and to realize large-scaled complex quantum information processing.The main innovations of this thesis are:1.By developing an integrated optical bonding technique,we overcome the highly stable interferometer’s critical technology and solve the problem of single-photon interference in long-distance optical links.2.Using the highly stable interferometer and the entanglement distribution of the Micius satellite,we have achieved quantum state transferring for 1200 km,which is a breakthrough in transferring distance.