Biomineralizaiton-Inspired Rare Earth-Based Composite Nanostructures And Their Bioanalytical Applications

Bioanalytical chemistry has played significant roles in the development of disease diagnosis,food security,environmental monitoring and biological mechanisms.Owing to their unique properties including multiple properties,comparable size to biomolecules and huge surface area,nanomaterials have exhibited remarkable advantages in improving the detection sensitivity and specificity.Nanocomposites refer to the materials composed of more than two components that interface with each other.Nanocomposites can integrate diverse properties and functions into one system,and display various nanostructures,holding great promise in optimizing the analytical performance.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the controlled preparation of nanocomposites with excellent properties and functions.Firstly,it’s essential to construct a stable interface between each component to integrate different parts.Secondly,it’s difficult to modulate the geometrical nanostructures of composites.Biomineralization is a natural process which utilizes macromolecules to regulate the formation of biominerals.It has resulted in the generation of a series of composites nanostructures with delicate morphology and fascinating functions.In the process of biomineralization,macromolecules,including proteins,have shown great effects.On the one hand,rich functional group in macromolecules can provide nucleation site for the mineral crystals to promote the formation of composite interfaces.On the other hand,proteins can serve as modulators to induce the anisotropic growth of minerals,further controlling the morphology and structure of nanocomposites.Inspired by biomineralization,it’s expected that utilization of macromolecules can help to construct the stable interfaces of nanocomposites and further regulate the geometrical structures of nanocomposites.In our works,the rare-earth based nanomaterials with excellent optical,electrical and magnetic properties were utilized as building components.Macromolecules were used to construct the composite interfaces and further regulate the geometrical nanostructures of rare earth-based nanomaterials.Also,the properties and functions of rare earth-based nanomaterials were investigated for the construction of multifunctional and high-performance bioanalytical platforms.Here are the detailed contents:（1）Firstly,proteins were used to construct the interface of upconversion nanoparticles and further direct the synthesis of upconversion@bioactive glasses nanostructures.Such nanostructures exhibited properties of upconversion emission and biomineralization-promoting activity,and thus were used for the simultaneous monitoring and promotion of bone repair.The construction of upconversion@bioactive glasses nanostructures holds great promise to the diagnosis and therapy of bone-related diseases.（2）Organic macromolecule PEI was used to mimic the function of proteins to mediate the formation of nanoceria interface.By this way,the Pt@Ce O₂ nanostructures were synthesized.Such Pt@Ce O₂ nanostructures exhibited excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity and were utilized to construct highsensitivity biosensors of hydrogen peroxide and glucose.（3）Based on the formation of nanocomposite interfaces,macromolecules were further used to regulate the geometrical structures of rare earth-based nanomaterials.PVP was used to regulate the morphology of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks/upconversion nanostructures.Also,PVP can specifically absorb into（100）facet of upconversion nanoparticles,directing the facet-selective assembly of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks/upconversion nanostructures.Such nanostructure offers a vivid example for the construction nanostructures with complex geometry,exhibiting great potentials in biosensing,energy conversion and nanomedicine.