| In the era of ecological civilization,people's understanding of the function and value of the life community of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasses has changed dramatically.The reform of the management system of natural resources assets has gradually become one of the important contents of accelerating the reform of the ecological civilization system in China.Strengthening the management of rural natural resources,assets,and capital is also an important cornerstone of Rural Revitalization.The overall plan for the reform of the ecological civilization system,which was passed in September 2015,emphasizes the importance of "establishing the concept of natural value and natural capital".In 2018,the Central Document No.1 put forward that "good ecological environment is the greatest advantage and precious wealth of rural areas.We must respect nature,conform to nature and protect nature,and accelerate the increment of natural capital in rural areas to realize the unity of people's rich and ecological beauty".The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should adhere to and improve the system of ecological civilization,promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature,and comprehensively establish an efficient utilization system of resources.With the deepening and expansion of the national natural resources management reform and Rural Revitalization Strategy,it is urgent to solve the key theoretical and technical problems,such as the value accounting of rural natural capital,the evaluation of rural natural capital utilization sustainability,and distribution fairness,and the evaluation of rural natural capital utilization efficiency.On the basis of combing and summarizing the research contents and progress of natural capital at home and abroad,this paper takes Chongqing,which has a long history of human land relationship development and can reflect the current change of human land relationship,as the research area,and constructs a three-dimensional perspective of "value-sustainability-efficiency".In this evaluation and analysis framework,2005,2010,2015,and 2018 are selected as the main research time nodes.The emergy theory,three-dimensional ecological footprint model,Gini coefficient,super efficiency SBM model based on unexpected output,GIS spatial analysis,spatial econometric model,spatial Markov,GM(1,1),and R/S,and other research methods,from the value of rural land natural capital space-time characteristics,rural land natural capital sustainability decoupling effect and equity,rural land natural capital efficiency space-time characteristics and other aspects of the evaluation of rural land natural capital value,sustainability,and efficiency of the future trend of change,put forward the value of rural natural capital,sustainability,and efficiency of the future change trend Mechanism and path.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)Based on the value of ecological center,the cognition of rural land natural capital is improved from the aspect of human land coordination and interaction.For a long time,human beings have paid more attention to the value based on human preference,that is,only human labor is used to measure the value,while the contribution of natural function is ignored.In the era of ecological civilization,more attention has been paid to the natural existence and the value of human land coordination.The functions of land need to realize symbiosis in the coordination and interaction between humans and land.At this stage,more attention should be paid to the ecological basis the central perspective of value discovery,to continuously improve people's understanding of land value.(2)The research on the value of rural land natural capital shows that: the value of rural land natural capital in Chongqing has a fluctuating upward trend,spatial agglomeration effect and spatial imbalance,"club convergence" effect is significant,and the explanatory power of each influencing factor is different and synergistic enhancement effect..The overall Moran's I show a slow-growth trend,which indicates that the value of rural land natural capital in Chongqing has an agglomeration effect,and the spatial agglomeration effect of rural land natural capital value is strong and reflects a strong spatial imbalance.From the perspective of local spatial correlation analysis,high agglomeration correlation type counties are mainly distributed in the region III and region IV;low agglomeration type counties are mainly distributed in the region I and region II.Among the natural factors,the precipitation factor has the highest explanatory power on the spatial differentiation of the natural capital value of rural land in Chongqing;the comprehensive index of human impact and population density among the human social and economic factors have the highest explanatory power in 2005 and 2018;the ecological land area proportion of policy factors ranks the third and second in all factors in 2005 and 2018 respectively.The interaction of natural factors has a significant synergistic effect on the spatial differentiation of the rural land natural capital value,while the significant synergistic effect of human and social-economic factors is increasingly strengthened.(3)The research on the sustainability and equity of rural land natural capital shows that: the supply capacity of rural land natural capital in Chongqing is improved and the sustainable development is good.There is a significant decoupling state between economic development and natural capital,and the spatial difference of natural capital equity is significant.The supply capacity of the land natural capital of each district and county has been improved.After 2017,sustainability has been developing well.The decoupling state between economic development and natural capital sustainability is significant.Economic development and ecological carrying capacity are in the state of "fair and reasonable".The equity of ecological bearing is better than economic development.The "high economic consistency and low ecological bearing consistency" districts and counties are concentrated in the region I,in the region II,the region III and region IV are mainly characterized by "low economic consistency and high ecological carrying consistency".In 2006,the land footprint of most districts and counties in Chongqing showed a downward trend of agglomeration.From 2008 to 2015,most of the districts and counties increased gently.After 2015,most districts and counties showed a fluctuating downward trend,and the downward trend was obvious after 2017.Most of the land carrying capacity showed an upward trend,which indicated that the supply capacity of the land natural capital of each district and county was improved.Among them,the region II is higher than that of the region I,region III and region IV.The declining trend of the four regions is the most obvious after 2017,which indicates that the sustainable development of rural land natural capital in Chongqing is good.During the period of T1-T13,77% of the time was in the state of decoupling,and the strong decoupling mainly occurred in T3-T4 and T11-T13.The decoupling state of the region III and region IV is relatively stable,and the internal differences between the region I and the region II are obvious.The Gini coefficient of economic development and ecological carrying capacity are all below the warning line of 0.4.The Gini coefficient of economic development is relatively fair in 2005 and 2006,and is in a state of "fairness is reasonable" after 2007.The Gini coefficient of ecological carrying capacity was slightly higher than that of economic development before 2007,and then it was significantly lower than that of economic development.There was a weak downward trend after 2017,indicating that the matching level of land ecological carrying capacity and the land footprint was relatively good among districts and counties.(4)The research on the efficiency of rural land natural capital shows that: the natural capital efficiency of rural land in Chongqing shows a fluctuating upward trend in time,and there is a significant positive correlation in spatial distribution.It is easy to form the "club convergence" phenomenon of high and low agglomeration in space,and the spatial differences of forest coverage rate,financial expenditure on agriculture,the proportion of primary industry and the number of rural population The quality is more significant.In 2005,2010,2015,and 2018,the distribution range of high agglomeration and low agglomeration is relatively stable.High agglomeration is mainly distributed in the Western area of the region II,and low agglomeration is mainly distributed in the region III and region IV.The probability of a large transfer between successive years is very small.The improvement process of rural land natural capital efficiency in Chongqing is stable,and it is difficult to achieve leapfrog development in the short term.The geographical spatial pattern has an important impact on the spatial and temporal evolution of the efficiency of rural land natural capital in Chongqing.The probability of the impact of high-efficiency districts and counties on the upward transfer of neighboring counties is increased,and the spatial spillover is positive,while the probability of restraining the upward transfer of rural land natural capital by low-efficiency districts and counties is increased,which makes the low-efficiency level maintain all the time,and the spatial spillover is negative.This efficiency is easy to form the phenomenon of "club convergence" in space.The results show that the forest coverage rate is negatively correlated with the rural land natural capital utilization efficiency,and the regression coefficient is increasing from northwest to Southeast in space;the overall fiscal expenditure on agricultural support has a negative impact on the utilization efficiency of rural land natural capital,and the regression coefficient is increasing from West to East in space;the proportion of primary industry in rural land natural capital utilization efficiency is increasing From the spatial point of view,the regression coefficient presents a more obvious decreasing trend from west to East,and it transits from negative value to positive value,that is to say,there is a positive correlation in the region I and II,and a negative correlation in the region III and region IV.the rural population has a significant effect on the utilization efficiency of rural land natural capital The regression coefficient decreases from southwest to northeast in space.(5)The value of rural land natural capital in Chongqing will increase in the future,and the sustainability of rural land natural capital is positively related to the utilization efficiency.Since 2018,the rural land natural capital value in all districts and counties of Chongqing has shown an increasing trend.It is predicted that by 2023,the value of most districts and counties will nearly double compared with that in 2018,and the value-added space of the region III and region IV is relatively large.The Hurst index values of rural land natural capital sustainability and utilization efficiency in Chongqing are between 0.5 and 1.5,which indicates that there is a positive correlation between the past and the future between the sustainability of rural land natural capital and the utilization efficiency,and the positive correlation is persistent.This paper focuses on the realization mechanism of rural land natural capital preservation and appreciation from the aspects of spatial division,property rights management,accounting and evaluation,paid use,franchise,circulation system,green finance,social participation,scientific and technological support,regulation and monitoring,and legal protection.Based on the characteristics of rural land natural capital and different ways of supply and demand,the path of maintaining and increasing the value of rural land natural capital is mainly discussed from the characteristics of private,"club" and public resources;the realization path of rural land natural capital value maintenance and appreciation based on Marketization mainly includes three aspects:direct transaction of material products,the direct transaction of ecological service products,and transaction of ownership market based on the non-market-oriented rural land natural capital value maintenance and appreciation path mainly from transfer payment,ecological compensation,and tax regulation.Based on the actual situation of Chongqing,this paper puts forward relevant policies and measures from three aspects:increasing quantity to realize value-added,sustainable,and fair promotion to realize value-added,and efficiency promotion to realize value-added.The innovation of this study is mainly reflected in the following aspects,(1)Theoretical analysis framework: from the perspective of ecological civilization construction,this paper attempts to put forward the theoretical analysis framework of the value of land natural capital based on the exploration of the "three capital" attributes of resources,assets and capital of rural natural elements with land as the core,and the change process of rural land natural capital value.(2)Method improvement:Based on the ecological center theory,the evaluation system of rural land natural capital is constructed based on the three-dimensional "value sustainability efficiency".The traditional three-dimensional ecological footprint model is improved by combining emergy ecological footprint model with three-dimensional ecological footprint,and the sustainability and fairness of rural land natural capital are evaluated.(3)Combined with the case study,this paper discusses the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of rural land natural capital utilization efficiency and the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors.The mechanism and path of rural land natural capital appreciation proposed by this paper has important practical reference value. |
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