Analysis And Comparison Of Neoclassical And Marxist General Equilibrium Theories

General equilibrium theory is a traditional technical method for economics to study the problem of effective allocation of resources,and it is also an important theoretical basis for constructing and perfecting a market economy system.On the one hand,since the publication of Marshall's "Principles of Economics" in 1890,neoclassical economics and neoclassical synthesis have gradually become the mainstream of Western economics research.This is a transformation of economic thought from classical theory to neoclassical theory.Walras-Neoclassical General Equilibrium Theory as the main theoretical foundation and method model,it has extraordinary significance and far-reaching influence at this time.However,this kind of analysis paradigm that focuses on technical analysis,does not consider social and economic relations,and has no value basis,does not seem to be a perfect explanation of the laws of market operation.On the other hand,different from the neoclassical school's general equilibrium theory,which focuses on technical analysis,Marx's general equilibrium idea which based on the labor theory of value,with production relations as the main research goal in the framework of the capitalist system,has an impact on the allocation of resources in the capital market.There are also different views on the problem,and another explanation is given to this social economic problem.Focusing on the research of the two equilibrium theories,expanding their theoretical connotations,comparing their theoretical characteristics and analytical methods,distinguishing their theoretical viewpoints and revealing the essence of the equilibrium state of the market are the main purposes of this dissertation.In terms of neoclassical general equilibrium theory,we mainly investigate and analyze the theoretical development context of general equilibrium under the utility value system and the evolution of specific research methods.Combining reality,we prove the existence of disposal equilibrium and general equilibrium in a production-transaction model where preferences are not transitive and complete from the perspective of consumer behavior norms.Work this done,We not only understand and master the mathematical analysis methods used in Western economics,but also recognize two shortcomings of the neoclassical equilibrium theory: One is that the mathematical expressions of economic regular pattern and personal behavior in theoretical models are too idealistic and abstract;the second is that even if the flaws in the model assumptions are not considered,the equilibrium theory itself has a limited ability to explain economic phenomena and problems.In terms of Marx's general equilibrium theory,we start with the analysis of some controversial issues in the labor theory of value:First of all,it is about the determination and realization of commodity value.There have been controversies about two meanings of socially necessary labor time.The first type of socially necessary labor time emphasizes that the value of goods is determined by production technology alone;the second type of socially necessary labor time emphasizes that the relationship between supply and demand also participates in the product.We believe that the determination and realization of commodity value are not completed at the same time.In the value system,when the two socially necessary labor hours of a commodity are the same,it will trade according to its own value,and the value determination and realization will be consistent.When the two socially necessary labor hours of a commodity are different,the determination and realization of its own value will deviate.Secondly,on the relationship between supply?demand and commodity value.Marx's understanding of the relationship between supply and demand is essentially different from that of neoclassical economics.By analyzing the balance and imbalance of market supply and demand from the perspective of labor theory of value,we can find that Marx believes that the market value affects the production and supply of commodities,thereby affecting the balance of supply and demand.In addition,we need to emphasize that the balance of supply and demand in the value system often occurs before the value transformation.It is not stable,which is also not a general equilibrium.Thirdly,on the controversy about Marx's theory of value transformation.Value transformation is the premise of Marx's general equilibrium theory,and understanding transformation theory is a necessary condition for studying Marx's general equilibrium theory.We believe that Marx's transformation theory is completely correct.The proposition that the total amount of commodity value is equal to the total price,and the total amount of profit is equal to the total surplus value can be established without additional conditions.We also attempt to prove this proposition here.Finally,we summarize the main content of general equilibrium in Marx's production price system.By reviewing two limited "Marx" general equilibrium models,it is revealed that the main feature of Marx's general equilibrium theory is to emphasize the power of capital prior to individual choice,to emphasize the balance of average profit rate prior to the balance of supply and demand,to emphasizes the duality of market equilibrium and disequilibrium,to emphasizes the unity of macro-supply and demand theory and micro-value theory,and to emphasizes the flaws of the capitalist distribution system.After completing the analysis of the two equilibrium theories and the identification of related disputes,we also compare and analyze the two in terms of historical background,research purpose,theoretical basis and methods,which showing that there are huge differences between the two major economies.Neoclassical general equilibrium is much closer to the equilibrium of the value system in the early capitalist market,which is an unstable one-sided equilibrium.While Marx's general equilibrium which based on average profit rate and focus on the analysis of production methods and production relations,is a more reasonable way to describe the equilibrium state of the capitalist market.The general equilibrium of Marx in the production price system,which represents the effectiveness of market resource allocation,is for capital,not for economic participants.