The Dynamic Evolution Of Chinese Enterprises' Export Network Structure

Based on the heterogeneous enterprise trade network theory,this dissertation is based on the neighboring effect of “self-learning” accumulated by the enterprise's export experience and "social learning" in the external spillover of neighboring enterprise information.This dissertation uses the CEPII-BACI database from 2000-2011,China Customs Database and the list of FDI enterprises,and portrays the enterprise and its neighboring export networks from the perspective of geographic linkage and economic linkage,using community analysis methods to divide 196 economies worldwide into 45 communities.From the perspective of path effect,the community effect and the neighboring effect,this dissertation studies the evolution path of the marginal dynamic expansion of enterprise export expansion.Then,based on the research on the evolution mechanism of the marginal dynamic expansion of enterprise export expansion,the dissertation further studies the influence of export network on the export price entry mode of enterprises and the FDI location choice of Chinese enterprises.Based on Chaney's(2014)and Fernandes and Tang(2014),this dissertation also combines Perkins'(2014)research on multinational companies' “experience learning” and “self-learning”,assuming that the company's past export experience can influence the company export behavior decision in the future.And this dissertation identifies the export network from the perspective of geographic neighbors and economic linkages,and builds an econometric model to test the impact of the previous export network linkages on the export market selection decisions of enterprises and examines the export network path effect of the dynamic evolution of the export expansion of Chinese enterprises.Further,this dissertation draws on the concept of “community” between potential overseas markets proposed by Lucio(2016),and identifies the social relations between potential export markets,and links the previous export networks of the company to the inside and outside of the community to decompose.There is a community effect of export network linkage on the marginal expansion of Chinese enterprises' export expansion.Based on the study of the export network effect of the enterprise,this dissertation draws on the concept of “neighbor enterprise” by Fernandes et al.(2014),and identifies the same HS6 product according to the same region(customized city 6 code).This dissertation examines the community effects of potential export markets,and then examines the community effects of the existing export network linkages on the marginal expansion of Chinese enterprises' export expansion.Based on the investigation of the export network effect of enterprises,this dissertation further examines the neighboring effect of the export network linkage of neighboring enterprises on the marginal expansion of their export expansion.Enterprises can not only obtain the uncertain information of overseas market demand through the “selflearning” export experience,but also obtain the uncertain information of overseas markets and the export experience neighboring enterprises through the “social learning” and the external information overflow of neighboring enterprises,which forms the convergence and neighboring effects on the decision-making of export behavior among neighboring companies.According to the empirical analysis of the above three effects,the research hypothesis proposed in this dissertation is confirmed,and some relevant conclusions with Chinese characteristics are also obtained.1.The location choice of Chinese enterprises' export markets depends on the previous export network structure,tending to choose the economy approaching,and the geographical proximity of the community as the export target country;2.The decision-making of the location selection of the enterprise export market depends on the community distribution of the existing export network.The path effect of enterprises exporting to the export network community is significantly larger than that of the community outside the community,and tends to choose the region within the community for export;3.The export network of the neighboring enterprises significantly affects the location choice of the enterprise export market.The community of the neighboring enterprise export network is also an important factor in determining the location choice decision of the enterprise export market.In addition,in the analysis of the impact of export network linkage on the expansion of FDI of enterprises,this dissertation identifies the export network from the perspective of geographic linkage and economic linkage on the basis of Chaney(2014)and Xie and Yu(2016).Through the econometric model,this dissertation examines the impact of the export network on FDI decision-making of enterprises and examines the export network path effect of FDI of Chinese enterprises.Further,this dissertation examines the community effects of the export network on FDI of Chinese enterprises by identifying the social relationships in the export network.Based on the investigation of the export network effect of enterprises,this dissertation further examines the impact of the export network of neighboring companies on their FDI.The market information of FDI of enterprises not only comes from their own export experience,but the export market network information of neighboring enterprises can also have spillover effects on enterprise investment,which leads to the convergence and neighboring effect of neighboring enterprises in export and FDI decision-making.The research in this dissertation shows that the export network linkage is an important reason for the rapid expansion of FDI of Chinese enterprises.It is an important resource and national advantage for Chinese enterprises in the process of FDI,which effectively reveals the mechanism for the rapid expansion of Chinese enterprises' FDI.The full text is divided into nine chapters.The research ideas are as follows:Firstly,the actual background of China's foreign trade and enterprises' "going out" and the related literatures are sorted out and analyzed.From the practical significance of the problem and the shortcomings of the existing literature.This dissertation puts forward the research questions of this dissertation;further analyzes the theory,research hypothesis and empirical analysis;finally proposes the corresponding policy recommendations based on the relevant conclusions of the research.The arrangements for each chapter of this dissertation are as follows:The first chapter introduces the research questions of this dissertation based on the actual background and existing related research.The current economic reality of the study can be summarized as: the new requirements of the 13 th Five-Year Plan and the new need to promote a new pattern of comprehensive opening.The existing research cannot improve the export market structure and deepen the "going out" of Chinese enterprises in the new era to improve the new theoretical support.Based on this perspective,this dissertation presents the research problems of this dissertation and elaborates the research methods,research ideas and research framework of this dissertation.The second chapter reviews the relevant literature.Through the analysis and combing of related literatures at home and abroad,it summarizes the shortcomings of the literature,and further clarifies the problems and research value of this dissertation.Firstly,this dissertation reviews the decision-making mechanism of corporate export behavior under the traditional heterogeneous enterprise trade theory,and also points out the shortcomings of traditional heterogeneous trade theory.Secondly,based on the shortcomings of traditional heterogeneous trade theory,this dissertation reviews the improvement and development of the existing literature,and focuses on the related research on the margin of export expansion of enterprises based on the research problems of this dissertation.Finally,based on the research questions of this dissertation,the previous research on the relationship between enterprise exports and foreign direct investment,and pointed out its shortcomings,and further clarified the research innovation of this dissertation.The third chapter introduces the classic theory of Chaney(2014),and based on the theoretical connotation of Chaney,this dissertation proposes the research hypothesis of this dissertation based on the research problems of this dissertation.This chapter discusses in detail the intrinsic link between Chaney's(2014)theoretical connotation and the hypothesis of this dissertation.The fourth chapter introduces the relevant data and data processing process used in this dissertation,and uses the data to describe the global trade network,the entry and exit behavior of enterprises and the distribution of export markets.In the descriptive statistics on the distribution of the export market of enterprises according to the year,it is found that the export behavior of Chinese enterprises has a matching process based on network search,which leads to the dispersion of the export market of enterprises.The fifth chapter focuses on the first issue of this dissertation,which is the path effect of the previous export network linkage on the decision-making of the future export market location choice.This dissertation constructs a measurement model and uses Chinese data to verify the path effect research hypothesis proposed in Chapter 3,and then deeply explores the internal mechanism of Chinese enterprises' export market location selection.In analyzing the effect of geographic network expansion effect path,this dissertation decomposes the export behavior of enterprises into short-term export behavior decision-making and long-term export behavior decision-making,and then analyzes the differential impact of geographic network expansion effect on short-term and long-term export behavior decisionmaking.The sixth chapter focuses on the community effect of export network linkage on the choice of enterprise export market location.Based on the method of Lucio(2016),this dissertation divides the 196 potential overseas markets based on the initial export information of the sample into the community,and then analyzes the heterogeneity impact of the internal and external export network linkages on the marginal dynamic evolution of the enterprise's export expansion.And this chapter focuses on the neighboring effect of export network linkage on the location choice of enterprise export market.The book identifies the “neighbor enterprise set” of the enterprise based on the same HS6 segmentation product in the same region,and analyzes the influence of the neighbor enterprise export network connection on the location choice of the enterprise export market.Based on the above-mentioned fifth and sixth and chapters of export network connection path effect,community effect and neighboring effect analysis,the seventh chapter further studies the path effect,community effect and neighboring of Chinese enterprises' outward direct investment expansion under the link of export network.With the accompanying effect,the company's export network expansion path is linked to the expansion of the enterprise OFDI.Finally,the eighth chapter integrates the research results of this dissertation,and summarizes the important conclusions obtained from the empirical analysis.And combined with economic reality to extract relevant policy recommendations,to provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the government and enterprises.There are three main aspects to the possible innovations in this dissertation:Focusing on the research purposes and research issues,this dissertation has expanded and enriched some research on the export behavior and price entry mode of Chinese enterprises and the expansion of Chinese enterprises' FDI in terms of the construction of theoretical models and empirical models,research methods and research perspectives,which has made certain marginal contributions to the study of international trade and FDI behavior of enterprises.The main innovations of this dissertation are:Innovation 1,the introduction of a new research perspective.This dissertation introduces the accumulation of information as a resource into traditional international trade theory and FDI theory.It is assumed that the sinking fixed cost that enterprises must pay in the process of export and FDI can be overcome by the continuous accumulation of information capital,which leads to the decline and even disappearance of cost.The hypothesis that enterprises can reduce the fixed sinking cost by information acquisition breaks through the barriers of traditional theory and provides a new perspective for future research.Based on this new perspective,this dissertation constructs the export network linkage structure of the enterprise,and then studies its impact on the marginal dynamic evolution of the future expansion of the enterprise,the impact of the future export price entry mode of the enterprise and the future location of FDI.Innovation 2,(1)Innovation in research methods.With regard to the acquisition and accumulation of uncertain information about the needs of overseas markets,this dissertation is not limited to the accumulation of its own prior experience,but introduces the external spillover of information transmission.Based on the research of Fernandes and Tang(2014),the export experience and information of enterprises can also be obtained from its “neighboring enterprises”,so that the prior experience information of “neighboring enterprises” also affects the accumulation of enterprise information and experience.(2)The introduction of complex network analysis methods and related concepts.Complex network analysis methods have always been the research methods in the field of socio-economic networking,and they rarely combine with traditional economic theories.By constructing the export network connection,this dissertation introduces the "In-degree" in social network analysis into the construction of the export network connection.Based on the information transmission in the social network,it is believed that the enterprises can obtain their existing export from the existing export connection and obtains the uncertain information of “neighbor market” of existing export linkage in order to increase the probability that a company will enter its “neighbor market” exports that already have an export link or increase its probability of continuing to export in the “neighbor market” where the existing exports are linked.At the same time,the concept of "community" is introduced into the research of this dissertation.In social network analysis,nodes with close connections or similar attributes can be classified into the same community,and the information transmission density between nodes in the same community is relatively frequent.There is almost no sharing of information between nodes in different communities,they are almost isolated.Therefore,this dissertation introduces this concept into the characteristics of potential export markets and potential investment host countries.It is assumed that there are different communities among different countries in the world.The economic,political and even military exchanges within the same community are extremely close.However,there is no economic exchange between the countries within different group and even hold hostile relations with each other.Based on the introduction of community concept,this dissertation can split the export network connection into the incommunity network and the out-community network,so as to test whether the existence of the community affects the export decision of the enterprise and the different influence of the internal and external networks on the export behavior of the enterprise.Innovation 3,this dissertation innovatively combines the export behavior of enterprises with FDI behaviors,and regards the export behavior of enterprises and OFDI as a series of dynamic sequential decision-making behaviors,thus better explaining why Chinese enterprises have achieved such high-speed foreign direct investment growth in the absence of FDI experience and multinational production and management experience.Traditional related research mainly analyzes the relationship between export and FDI on a relatively static basis,but no research has linked the export behavior of Chinese enterprises with FDI.The export experience of enterprises can provide experience and information support for enterprises' FDI,which to some extent explains the mystery of the rapid growth of Chinese enterprises' FDI.At the same time,the existence of the information external spillover effect of the “neighboring effect” also explains the “natural internationalization” phenomenon that the traditional Uppsala model cannot explain.In view of the limitations of the length and the research level of the author,this dissertation still has room for improvement in the depth of the research object,and can be further expanded in the selected research dimension,which needs to be further explored in the future research work.