Research On Fiscal And Taxation Policy Guiding The Efficient Allocation Of Innovative Resources

Under the requirement of vigorously developing innovation driven strategy,improving the efficiency of innovation resource allocation is an urgent problem to be solved,low efficiency leads to serious waste of resources.In the process of innovation and development,the government has a good guiding role.Through relevant fiscal and tax policies,it can promote the gathering of innovative resources in a specific direction,and also promote the enthusiasm of enterprises in innovative production.At present,the innovation ability of all regions in China is still in a state of insufficiency,which does not match the current economic development requirements of China.Therefore,how to improve the efficiency of innovation resource allocation through the guidance of fiscal and tax policies is an important research goal.Based on the collation of literature,this paper first expounds the current research status of financial and tax policies on the allocation of innovative resources,analyzes the function principle of financial and tax policies on the allocation of innovative resources through relevant theories,also analyzes the function mechanism of fiscal and tax policies according to different innovation subjects,so as to provide theoretical support for the research of this article;then,using DEA method to analyze the current situation of China’s innovation resource allocation and reveal the existing problems.This paper summarizes the current financial and tax policies to guide the allocation of innovative resources,analyzes the effect of the current financial and tax policies on innovative resources,and points out the problems existing in the current financial and tax policies in guiding the allocation of innovative resources.Through the spatial econometric model,this paper analyzes the efficiency of fiscal and tax policies guiding the allocation of innovative resources and its influencing factors,and specifically analyzes the effect and influencing factors of fiscal and tax policies in various regions of China in the allocation of innovative resources.Based on the results of spatial measurement,it is found that the efficiency of fiscal and tax policies guiding the allocation of innovation resources in different regions of China has spatial differences.Based on this,in order to further explore how fiscal and tax policies can make the efficient allocation of innovation resources,this paper constructs a system simulation model of fiscal and tax guiding innovation resources allocation through system dynamics,and analyzes it with Jiangxi Province as an example.The results show that: first,in recent years,the input and output of innovation resource allocation in China have been significantly improved,but through DEA method,it is found that the efficiency of innovation resource allocation is still low,and most regions are in the invalid state of innovation resource allocation,which shows that there are still many problems to be solved in the process of innovation resource allocation.Among them,the results of static analysis show that the efficiency of innovation resource allocation in 30 regions of China is unbalanced in the period of2005-2016.Six regions with comprehensive efficiency equal to 1 are Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangdong,Chongqing and Xinjiang,which shows that the allocation of innovation resources in these six regions is effective,their scale returns remain unchanged,which shows that the investment of innovation resources in these regions is concluded Reasonable structure and high utilization rate of resources;the comprehensive efficiency of the rest areas should be less than 1,which shows that the allocation of innovation resources in most areas of China is in an invalid state.The dynamic analysis results show that technological progress is the main factor affecting the allocation efficiency of innovation resources.To improve the allocation efficiency of innovation resources,the premise is to improve the current innovation technology,at the same time,there are serious unreasonable input-output structure in the process of innovation resource allocation in China,which is also one of the main reasons for the low efficiency of innovation resource allocation in China.Second,with the increasing importance of innovation in economic development,China’s financial and tax policy system in innovation is also improving,but in practice,the effect of implementation is not ideal.From a national perspective,fiscal policy has a significant but negative impact on innovation investment.There is still a large gap between the total amount of financial R&D investment in China and developed countries,indicating that the negative impact of financial R&D investment on innovation investment may be caused by problems in the structure of financial R&D investment,resulting in unreasonable use of financial funds.Although the impact of tax preferential policy is positive,it is not significant,which indicates the current tax preferential policies have not really played a prominent role.From the perspective of each region,there are regional differences in the impact of fiscal and tax policies on innovation investment,and there are some problems in the current fiscal and tax policies in guiding innovation resources,such as the lack of systematic policy-making,low implementation efficiency,unreasonable financial investment structure,high threshold of fiscal and tax preferential policies and lack of incentive policies for human capital.Third,there is spatial heterogeneity in the process of guiding innovation resource allocation in the fiscal and tax policies of each region,and most of the fiscal and tax policies in most regions are ineffective in the process of guiding innovation resource allocation(some regions are ineffective in fiscal and tax policies,some regions are ineffective in innovation resource allocation),and only Beijing,Tianjin,Zhejiang,Chongqing and Shaanxi are effective.Through the regression analysis of influencing factors,it is found that the influence of government funds intensity and innovation resources market environment on the efficiency of fiscal and tax policies is complementary.Where the government funds intensity is high,the effect of innovation resources market environment is often small,which shows that there is no joint force between the market and the government,which is still in a state of "competition" with each other In most provinces,the effect of research resource endowment level is negative,which shows that the increase of per capita funding of scientific researchers makes the efficiency of fiscal and tax policies decline.The impact of central and local expenditure responsibility is affected by the government’s fund intensity,and the impact of central and local expenditure responsibility is almost negative in areas where the government’s fund intensity is negative.It can be seen that the regional environment and conditions are the main factors that restrict the implementation effect of fiscal and tax policies.Only under the premise of grasping their own innovation environment and conditions,can the supporting appropriate fiscal and tax policies achieve the efficient allocation of fiscal and tax policies to guide innovation resources.Fourth,the main problem of Jiangxi Province’s current fiscal and tax policies in guiding the allocation of innovative resources is that the policy is effective(i.e.the efficiency of fiscal and tax policies is greater than 1),while the allocation of innovative resources is ineffective(i.e.the efficiency of allocation of innovative resources is less than 1),and the reason for the ineffective allocation of innovative resources is mainly due to the over investment and the insufficient output.Therefore,the system simulation method is adopted to guide the allocation of financial and tax resources in Jiangxi Province The simulation results show that there is an unreasonable structure of financial investment in science and technology in Jiangxi Province.Under the condition of keeping other conditions unchanged,properly reducing financial investment in science and technology is conducive to improving the efficiency of innovative resource allocation.The adjustment of personal income tax in preferential tax policies can affect R & D personnel,but raising personal income tax rate is not a sustainable way in practice.The government should consider more from the three aspects of enterprise income tax,enterprise value-added tax and R&D tax resistance.The three aspects have the same influence direction in the allocation of innovative resources,but the effect of enterprise value-added tax rate > R & D tax deduction > enterprise income tax rate;a single financial policy or tax policy can not To achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of innovation allocation in Jiangxi Province,we need to combine the financial policy and tax preferential policy.At present,Jiangxi Province can improve the efficiency of innovation resource allocation by adjusting the structure of financial investment in science and supporting relevant tax preferential policies.Based on the results of empirical analysis,it is found that the main direction of policy optimization in the process of efficient allocation of innovation resources is to optimize the structure of financial investment in science and technology,which can be started from the following aspects: first,to fully release the effectiveness of financial investment policies,mainly through defining the basic principles of financial innovation investment,improving the structure of innovative financial investment,and reducing Secondly,optimize the preferential tax policies,mainly from improving the legal level and specific policies of the preferential tax policies,optimizing the coverage of the preferential tax policies,and optimizing the specific ways of the preferential tax policies;finally,cooperate with all kinds of innovative policies,mainly including the collaborative collaborative fiscal and tax policies,science and technology,industrial policies,collaborative fiscal and tax policies and talent training policies.