Research On Side-Channel Golden Chip-Free Model Based Hardware Trojan Detection Techniques

Since the hardware Trojan is proposed in 2007,Trojan detection techniques have attained more and more attention from researchers.Among all the existing detection methods,side-channel analysis approach is the most promising one.However,sidechannel analysis relies heavily on the availability of golden chips,which are difficult to obtain.Besides,hardware Trojan keeps silence in the majority of the time,and its side-channel information is so minor that traditional Trojan detection approaches are difficult to identify.Therefore,this paper establishes the side-channel golden free model to substitute for the golden chips,and proposes the test generation and Trojan detection algorithm for improving the Trojan's detection sensitivity.Firstly,a side-channel golden-free model of the integrated circuit is proposed to replace the side-channel information of golden chips.The relationship between the logic switching and power leakage process of the integrated circuit is analyzed,and the side-channel golden-free modeling based on the layout data of the chip is set up.Furthermore,the influences of non-ideal factors such as random noise and process variations(PVs)on the golden-free model is considered,and a multi-dimensional goldenfree model calibration algorithm is introduced to compensate for the golden-free model.Moreover,four hardware Trojan detection algorithms are proposed for improving the Trojan's feature extraction capability and the hardware Trojan detection process utilizing the golden-free model is formed.Secondly,a statistical test generation algorithm is proposed for magnifying the Trojan's side-channel information and reducing the Trojan's activation,and the concealment model of hardware Trojan based on the low activity node is built.Then,the internal node's activity analysis method is improved and the automatic searching tool of low activity nodes is designed.Aiming at the activity improvement of low activity nodes,a test generation approach based on the mutation analysis is proposed,seven mutation operators are designed and the test vectors generation process is introduced by combining with the functional testing methods.Simulation is implemented to validate the activity improvement efficacy,the transition probability and toggle probability are also improved 4.62 X at most,and the Trojan coverage is increased 2.72 X comparing with the MERO algorithm.Based on the above research,the AES encryption circuit is designed under two process conditions(Charted 180 nm and SMIC 180nm)to verify the applicability of the proposed approach,and a side-channel analysis system and its processing software are developed.Further,a golden-free model under ±5% PV,±10% PV and ±15% PV are established and the correlation coefficients between the calibrated model and measured data are greater than 98.81%.Then,the golden-free model is utilized to replace the golden chips and detect the hardware Trojan,and the proposed approach achieves a minimum ratio of 0.27% detection rate.