| The population keeps aging in China,with the increase of aging population and the decrease of population of working ages,and the introduction and enforcement of the deferred retirement scheme in the near future,will cause the increase of the number and the proportion of the older workers in workplaces.Enterprise managers need to develop older worker groups in order to ease the challenges posed by the aging workforce.But how to develop older human resources? Although the academia and industry have begun to explore and practice,there is still no effective answer.It is undeniable that aging will bring about a decline in physical and psychological function to older workers as they grow older.But in fact,older workers have accumulated a wealth of knowledge,experience and technology in their decades of career with maintaining strong work motivation and proven ability,and their human resources can be developed by promoting older workers age successfully at work.Successful aging at work will become an effective strategy to deal with the aging of the population and actualize the deferred retirement scheme successfully under the national conditions of " getting old before getting rich ".It is also an important means for older workers to accumulate spiritual and material reserves for their retirement life and improve their ability to cope with uncertainty in future life.However,the research on successful aging at work is still very limited.It can be found that the existing research on the concept and standard have not got a consensus;there is a lack of unified measurement tool for successful aging at work;the research perspective of influencing factors of successful aging at work is relatively single;and the in-depth research on action mechanism of successful aging at work is relatively lacking.In view of this,based on the dual needs of practice and theory,this study mainly discusses the structural dimensions and influencing factors and the action mechanism fixed on organizational situation in the context of Chinese culture,trying to answer the question about “how to discriminate and measure”,“what are the factors”,“what is the mechanism to deferred retirement willingness for older workers”.Specifically,based on the qualitative and quantitative research methods,the content of this study mainly includes the following three aspects: Firstly,this study constructs an integrated theoretical model about the structural dimensions and influencing factors and its action mechanism to deferred retirement willingness for older workers through capturing the key psychology and behavior of older workers in the process of successful aging at work by grounded theory method.Secondly,on the base of literature review and grounded theory method,it defines the conceptual connation and structural dimensions,and then develops the measurement scale of successful aging at work in the Chinese culture context.Thirdly,it demonstrates the factors and mechanism model of successful aging at work by grounded theory method.Through theoretical analysis and empirical test,the main conclusions of this study as follows:Firstly,successful aging at work is a five-dimensional construct which includes“physical and mental well-being”,“work adaptability”,“job security”,“positive relationships and inheritance”,“intrinsic and external rewards”.“Physical and mental well-being” means that this study defines the standard of successful aging at work from two aspects of physical and mental health;“work adaptability” means that old workers can acquire and maintain important job skills by learning and mastering new knowledge,methods and techniques building on their skills,knowledge and experience to meet job requirements.“job security” reflects the old workers who attach importance to the nature of work,work content and stability and supportability of salary.“positive relationships and inheritance” reflect two age-related and sensitive factors,namely positive interpersonal relationships and the transmission of knowledge,skills and experience;“intrinsic and external rewards” includes the external motivation to get fair remuneration for material needs and internal motivation to seek respect,recognition and fair treatment.Secondly,an effective and reliable successful aging at work measurement scale is developed in the context of organization.Starting from the five dimensions of successful aging at work,this study sorts out the initial item library of successful ageing at work.Then,we invite 5 experts in the field of organizational behavior and human resources management to discuss and revise the initial items,so as to determine the initial questionnaire of successful aging at work.Finally,this study conducts a quantitative test on the initial questionnaire based on two samples.The results show that measurement scale of successful aging at work include 17 items in five dimensions and have good reliability and validity.Thirdly,psychological capital,SOC work strategies,age discrimination,family-work conflict and organizational support can significantly affect successful aging at work,and organizational support can moderate the relationship between SOC work strategies,age discrimination and successful aging at work.This study conducts a quantitative test on collected large sample data and verifies the influencing factors model of successful aging at work through grounded theory method.The influencing factors of successful aging at work are reflected by three levels of individual characteristics,organizational characteristics,family and work interaction characteristics.psychological capital and SOC work strategies of individual characteristics,age discrimination and organizational support of organizational characteristics,family-work conflict at the level of family-work interaction can all have significant influence on successful aging at work.The individual factors have the greatest influence on the successful aging at work,It shows that successful aging at work is mainly affected by old workers’ own psychology and behavior.Fourthly,Successful aging at work has significant positive effect on the deferred retirement willingness of older workers,work role attachment and future time perspective respectively has significant mediating and moderating effect between successful aging at work and deferred retirement willingness.This study conducts a quantitative test on collected large sample data and verifies the mechanism model of successful aging at work through grounded theory method.Successful aging at work stimulates the attachment of older workers to their work roles and makes older workers have higher willingness to stay and lower willingness to retire.Future time perspective affects that the old workers how to set their future goals and behavioral intentions.Individuals with strong perspective into future time believe that the future is full of unlimited opportunities and possibilities,tend to set long-term goals for career development and knowledge acquisition,and are more willing to extend the retirement age.Individuals with weak perspective into future time perceive limited future time,they pay more attention to emotionally meaningful short-term goals,lack of motivation to invest the future and desire to withdraw from the workplace to pursue emotional goals outside of work.The innovation of this study is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: First of all,this study is the first qualitative and quantitative study of successful aging at work in the field of organizational management in China,and systematically constructs the integrated model of successful aging at work,which fills up the gap of successful aging at work in China.Secondly,this study reconstructs a measurement scale suitable for the cultural background of our country according to the standard scale development procedure,and will help scholars in the future to work on related research about successful aging at work.Thirdly,it reveals psychological capital and SOC work strategies of individual factors,age discrimination and organizational support of organizational factors,family-work conflict of family-work interaction factor promote or hinder successful aging at work comprehensively and systematically,then analyzes and verifies the moderating effect of organizational support during the correlations.This is a breakthrough in the previous factors research of successful aging at work from a single perspective and promotes the study of the influencing mechanism of successful aging at work.Fourthly,it constructs mechanism model of the effect of successful aging at work on the deferred retirement willingness of older worker combined with the policy background of promoting progressive deferred retirement age in China,it reveals the "black box" of successful aging at work that affects the deferred retirement willingness of older workers,then expands the study of the effect of successful aging and the antecedents of deferred retirement willingness.This research has certain theoretical contribution to the existing literature and some practical implications for enterprise management.The theoretical contribution is embodied in four aspects.Firstly,it constructs the integrated model of successful aging at work systematically,which extends the research of successful aging at work from old age who have retired in the field of psychology,sociology and gerontology to the group of older workers in the field of organizational management,realizes the research of cross-domain and cross-population,and expands the research connotation of life span development theory.Secondly,this study develops and verifies the measurement scale of successful aging at work in the organizational context of China,so as to makes up for the shortcomings of previous research,and lays a good foundation for following research about successful aging at work.Thirdly,this study comprehensively reveals the influencing factors of successful aging at work from three levels: individual,organization and family-work interaction.It echoes the view that the study about successful aging at work should integrate individual,organizational,family and social factors.Finally,this study explores the mechanism of successful aging at work on deferred retirement willingness of older workers,and expands and enriches the research on the outcome variables of successful aging at work and the antecedents of deferred retirement willingness.In terms of practical implication,Firstly,enterprise managers can promote the five-dimensional scale of successful aging at work as a measure of the late career success of older workers,and take targeted measures to help them meet the corresponding standards.Secondly,enterprises should work together from three aspects:the individual characteristics,organizational characteristics and the interactive characteristics of family and work,so as to create favorable conditions for the old workers to realize their successful aging at work.Thirdly,the government and organizations should focus on the group of old workers who are first affected by the deferred retirement policy,and adopt various ways to promote the deferred retirement policy,and make the successful aging at work as the direction and goal of developing the older human resources.Finally,we should help older workers to adjust with active and scientific methods through " deferred retirement adaptation" activities,and face the coming deferred retirement policy with a healthy and positive attitude. |
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