Research On Institutional Innovation Of Vocational Education Serving Rural Labor Transfer

This study stems from the contradiction exiting in the fact that the overall quality of rural migrant labor force is at a comparative low level in the migration process of rural labor force,which is incompatible with the urgent need for high-quality labor force in the development of economic and social transformation under the new situation.In order to solve this contradiction,it is necessary to raise the level of human capital of rural migrant labor force.And the basic solution is to improve the level of knowledge and skills by making the rural migrant labor force generally accept Technical & Vocational Education and Training(TVET),thus putting forward a realistic demand for TVET to better serve the migration of rural labor force.Institution is the key condition of economic and social development,and institutional innovation is an important way to guarantee and promote the TVET to serve the migration of rural labor force.This paper focuses on the issue of institutional innovation in the area of serving the rural labor force migration by TVET.The research work and the corresponding innovation achievements are mainly in the following five aspects.First,this paper analyzes the basic meaning of serving rural labor force migration by TVET,which can be described as “the process of carrying out relevant TVET activities in order to meet the needs of related members in rural labor force migration and promote the interests of all members,which is oriented to the field of rural labor force migration.” And put forward a point of view that improving the human capital of rural migrated labor force is the core function of serving the rural labor force migration by TVET.According to the theory of "public goods" in economics,it is pointed out that serving the rural labor force migration by TVET has the characteristics of private goods as well as quasi-public goods,which can bring private utility to the individual or organization receiving TVET service.It can also produce positive externalities and bring public utility to society.From the view of demand and supply,this paper analyzes the activities of serving the rural labor force migration by TVET.AS for the demand,the paper points out that the main motivation of rural migrated labor force lies in improving the level of knowledge and skills to increase the employment income.The main motivation of enterprises is to improve the labor productivity of rural labor force in order to improve the efficiency of production as well as increasing profits,and the main motivation of society lies in expanding the supply of skilled labor force to support the development of economic and social transformation.AS for the supply,the supply of TVET service can be divided into two types: pre-migration and post-migration.It is pointed out that the main suppliers of the services are the individuals and organizations that provide specific TVET services at all levels and types.Second,the basic meaning,the content and the function of the institution on serving the rural labor force migration by TVET are studied.On the basis of combing and analyzing the concepts of education institution and vocational education institution,the concept of the institution on serving the rural labor force migration by TVET is defined,which refers to the sum of the formal regulations regulating the activities related with the service for the rural labor force migration by TVET,including laws,regulations and policies.And also it’s pointed out that the institution on serving the rural labor force migration by TVET is a constitutional part of vocational education institutions,and also is a constitutional part of education institutions in a broader meaning.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics that the formal institutions are corresponding to the different administrative levels of the government,the paper discusses the constitution of the institution on serving the rural labor force migration by TVET,which is composed of formal regulations from macro level,middle level,and micro level institutions.It is pointed out that the institutions at each level include three aspects: laws and regulations,general policies and administrative documents.It’s pointed out that there exit two major problems in the area of serving the rural labor force migration by TVET,which are high transaction cost and uncertainty of income,from the angle of eliminating the obstacles for the related members in the migration of rural labor force to obtaining income from vocational education service.It is put forward that reducing the transaction cost of vocational education service and reducing the uncertainty of vocational education service are the two basic functions of the institution on serving the rural labor force migration by TVET.At the same time,the institution also has the function of providing incentives for the society’s common welfare.Third,the mechanism of institutional innovation on TVET service for rural labor force migration is studied.Based on the institutional innovation theory of new institutional economics,this paper expounds the basic meaning of institutional innovation on TVET service for rural labor force migration,which refers to the behavior of reforming existed institutions or create new institutions in order to acquire greater benefits by the related members in the migration of rural labor force.And the main bodies of implementing the institutional innovation are analyzed,and it is pointed out that all the subjects who participate in the formative process of the formal institutions will have an impact on the result of the institution innovation.Therefore,all participants constitute the potential subjects of institutional innovation,including government,rural migrant labor force,enterprises and TVET organizations.This paper analyzes and puts forward that there are two ways of institutional innovation on TVET service for rural labor force migration.The institution innovation,which is implemented by the government,belongs to the compulsory institutional innovation.And the institution innovation,which is initiated and promoted by other subject while the government also participates,has both the characteristics of inductive institutional innovation and compulsory institutional innovation,which can be categorized as the mixed institutional innovation.Also,an analytical framework of institutional innovation process for TVET to serve the migration of rural labor force is proposed.Fourth,the institutional innovation behaviors of the main bodies of institution innovation in the field of TVET serving the rural labor force migration are analyzed intensively,especially the causes of institution non-equilibrium among the main bodies of institutional innovation are revealed.And it ‘s pointed out that the government’s institutional innovation behavior has the characteristics of "public welfare" and "compulsion",the main functions of which are to make up for the insufficiency of social institutional supply,to increase the stability of the institutional framework,to ensure the fairness and normality of the implementation of the rules and to reduce the costs of institutional supply.There are four main factors leading to the institutional non-equilibrium of the government,including the transformation of economic development mode leading to the in adaption of low quality rural labor force to the needs of economic and social development in the new period,and the new demand of improving the quality of rural labor force is put forward by the progress of production technology,the change of the rural labor supply situation leads to the rapid disappearance of the comparative advantage of abundant and cheap rural labor force,as well as the profound influences on the interest structure of the rural labor force migration related fields by the changes of the sets of relevant institutions.The cause of institution non-equilibrium for the rural labor force is that the relative price of rural labor force with different human capital has also changed due to the change of economic development mode.Rural labor with higher human capital has a higher relative price,which creates a new demand for institutions that can promote their access to more TVET services.As a factor of production,the economic value of the rural migration labor force is promoted,which leads to the rising price of the rural labor force employed by enterprises.In order to reduce the cost of employment,the enterprises have an increasing demand for vocational education.It also has a new institution for the system which can meet the increasing demands of vocational education service.And the reason why TVET organizations arises institution non-equilibrium lies in the need to meet the increasing demand for TVET service in the development of economic and social transformation,as well as expanding the organizations’ benefits.Fifth,the specific mode of institutional innovation on serving the rural labor force migration by TVET is studied.Oriented to TVET service for the rural labor force migration,a comprehensive institutional innovation action model is constructed,which is provides a unified framework for the study of how the institutional innovation actions of different institutional innovation subjects occur and develops.And based on the supply-demand theory of economics,a "supply-demand" analysis framework for TVET services is constructed,and is used to analyze the path and direction of institutional innovation of rural labor force,enterprise,TVET organization and government.It reveals the unique logic behind the institutional innovation activities from institutional equilibrium to non-equilibrium to equilibrium,and provides useful guidance for promoting institutional innovation activities to achieve the expected results of institutional innovation.Under the background of the transformation of economic development mode and the key period of industrial transformation and upgrading in present times,the study aims at how to promote TVET to better serve the needs of migration of rural labor force,and to enhance the personal and social benefits of TVET services in an all-round way.It is of great practical significance to promote TVET to better meet the needs of economic and social development and to further enhance the ability of TVET to serve economic and social development.This research has carried out the specialized researches in several aspects,such as the connotation of serving the migration of rural labor force by TVET,the definition of related institutions,the institutional innovation mechanism and the path and so on,which have contributed to enrich the contents and the achievements of theoretical researches on TVET institutions and expand the scope of researches on TVET to serve economic and social development.