The Empirical Research Of The Effect Of "One-child" Policy On The Health

In the case of China’s economy is not developed, thanks to great extent on the implementation of family planning policy,especially the "one-child" policy, for years in our country, we can control population growth at present levels through decades’ efforts. However, every coin has its two sides. As the basic state policy of family planning gradually, it also brought some negative effects on the whole social and economic development, such as an ageing population,"the old man alone" and other social phenomenon, and the mandatory "one-child" policy also suffered controversy of human development. Therefore, there are to extremely different versions for the understanding of the "one-child" policy. Some people think that "one-child" policy alleviated the pressure of China’s population to a great extent, and played an important part in controlling the population expansion and increasing the speed of economic development, so we should continue to strictly implement the "one-child" policy. While the others think that, with the development of the Chinese society, the implementation of the "one-child" policy is bringing the benefits to the society in the condition of seriously diminishing marginal utility, and even in some way has been to the other extreme. So it is also a measure that the people have criticized, and should be relaxed and even banned "one-child" policy. In fact, we can find that, in recent years on the "two sessions", many proposals are calling for loosening the "one-child" policy.In fact, the implement of the "one-child" policy has produced many effects to the development of the society. The most obvious is that, after implementing the basic national policy, the "only child" problem has become a social problem that involves all aspects of the society.As the nature of human life and the necessary human capital, health is the foundation of human all-round development. That is to say, health is not only the individual problem, but also the motivation and source of macro social progress. Both from the individual level and the country level, we should discuss deeply on this issue.People that born before and after the "one-child" policy are now about35years old, and they are the backbone of China’s social and economic construction. From another perspective, the physical health determines the human capital accumulation, and affects the labor market supply and demand equilibrium conditions, which will not only influence the personal income and family functioning, but also directly influence the macro economic development and economic growth. However, under the circumstances of fully implementing "one-child" policy,"have fewer" whether must means "eugenics"? Does the "Quality-Quantity Offset" exist? We try to compare the people without siblings with the people with siblings on their health to find convinced evidence.The research on the health of people without siblings often base on different methods and different angles. Moreover, in the context of the existing research situation, the small sample leading to many different results, even may be inconsistent with the facts. In the process of research in this paper, we can get the solid conclusions by comparing different indicators, at last we can provide a reliable evidence for the establishment of family planning policy.This article plans to analyze the effects of "one-child" policy on the health from the following aspects:The first chapter is introduction. This chapter mainly elaborates the research background of this paper and the paper’s research purpose, research significance, research framework and research value, and briefly introduce this paper’s research method, research content and the research design, then put forward the main innovation points of this paper.The second chapter is the world’s population policy and the evolution of family planning policy in China. We will mainly summarize the world’s population policy and the implementation of China’s family planning policy background. This chapter will first comb the population policy of main countries in the world, then will mainly elaborates the development of China’s family planning policy, the background and development course of "one-child" policy, the implementation situation. At last, we will systematically introduce the latest situation of people without siblings. The third chapter is the literature review and related concepts. This chapter mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research for the only child’s physical health, mental health and health behaviors, and gets the limitations of the existing literature, then we will find the points that we should focus on. In addition, we will analyze the concepts and indicators of physical health, mental health and health behaviors. Since there are no unified concepts for the body health, so we carry on the comprehensive elaboration from different angles.The fourth chapter is the research about the effect of "one-child" policy on the mental health status.Compared the people without siblings with the people with siblings, and the people born before and after the implement of "one-child" policy, and select some indicators,such as self-affirmation indicators (including whether one is self-confident, whether to affirm self value, whether to escape the difficulties and problems), mental stress and depression indicators (including the degree of concentration, mental pressure, whether often feel depressed), and other indicators (including happiness, degree of trust in others, risk preferences) as the main measure of mental health, then construct the corresponding econometric model. According to the results of the empirical model of regression, we can analyze the results of the main variables, and compare the difference between the only child and the people with siblings.The fifth chapter is the research about the effect of "one-child "on physical health status. In this study, firstly, we select some different physical health indicators, including height, BMI, chronic diseases, two weeks outpatient, inpatient and self-reported health status, then we will study the indicators in details, and compare the two different groups of physical health, and put forward reasonable suggestions to the final conclusion.The sixth chapter is the research about the effect of "one-child" on health behaviors. According to the research needs and actual situation, t we choose smoking, drinking, exercise situation, annual physical examination times and take the initiative to understand health care knowledge as a measure of health behaviors, the compare the people without siblings and the people with siblings by econometric methods.The seventh chapter is the discussion about the "one-child" policy’s influence mechanism. On the basis of the empirical analysis and the conclusion, we will discuss the influence mechanism of "one-child" policy for health and health behavior.The eighth chapter is conclusion and policy suggestions. First we will make a summary of the empirical research conclusion of this paper, then come to the conclusion that reliable and efficient based on the above mental health, physical health and health behaviors index of empirical research. Besides, we will evaluate the "one-child" policy reasonably and put forward reasonable suggestions on the basis of the results. Finally, point out the shortcomings of this thesis and the further research direction.The innovation and the actual value of this paper are as follows:Firstly, this study is the first time to use empirical methods to analyze the long term effect of "one-child" policy on people’s health, and choose the detailed indicators, such as BMI, height, mental health status, health behavior and so on. In addition, we also combine the results with the human capital theory, and discuss the effect of "one-child" policy to health, human capital and economic growth and social development level.Secondly, from the health perspective, this study tries to use the method of econometrics to estimate the effect of "one-child policy" on people’s physical health, mental health and health behavior. Through the analysis of empirical results finally come to the conclusions, and provide reasonable and effective suggestions for policy makers on this basis. We decide to use the national micro data, compared the people that born five years before and after the "one-child" policy, which can get the long-term effects of "one-child" policy on the health, rather than the current commonly used samples of children. In addition, all of the questions of the data are answered by the respondents itself. While in the children’s study, many questions are answered by the parents or teachers, to a certain extent, which weaken the target population’s own feelings. Take all the factors account, our research can provide more reliable results for policy makers based on facts.