Learning And Excellent Is "official"

Human beings are born to be political animals. Politics is the congregation of human activities around power. Those who grasps the power and in what measure they rule; those who are being ruled while approving being ruled. Such a pair of relationships constitutes the basic content of political activities and has always been the fundamental question concerned in politics. Those grasp the power, namely "the Ruler", "the Ruling Elite", stand for the subject on one side of the pair of relationships. Studies on this social group or class form a significant topic for politics-theories of "elitism". Traditional theories of elitism focus more on political philosophy when handling the topic. In more recent studies, scholars of comparative politics realize that the political elites in developing countries not only play a leading role during the process of modernization, but also are deeply involved in the changing procedures of social structures, during which they have changed and experienced metabolism historically. The characteristics of the elite group have altered. As to China, the "Reform and Opening-up" led by the group of political elites starts the transitioning process of modernization. Laying effects on the interest relations and the stratification structures, the transition is reflected in the later conversion process of elites, which has propelled the reformation of elite-forming and replacement mode. The social economic environment after the Reform and Opening-up, together with the newly created political pressure, the situation of former elites and the requirement of the new elites have changed, so have the interest demands of the public; the interaction between the new political elites and the new public, in return, influences the process of Reform and Opening-up. In other words, the studies on the elite group in contemporary China and especially on the new elite production become the crucial route to comprehend the history and the future of the Reform and Opening-up within China."College Students" have been one important resource and component part of the political elite group in modern China. Being the young generation with modern knowledge and technology, they serve as the successor that replaces the traditional Chinese intelligentsia after breaking the tradition of imperial examination, thus shouldering the historic mission of advancing China's modernization. And the field of education has become more and more vital a channel for a person to obtain political power:Firstly, education provides thought power and talent reserve for social development. Secondly, the procedure of education sets standard for a person's growing-up. By granting a diploma, education endows an individual the basic quality and capacity to acquire a job. In this way, it indirectly determines the starting point and location of an individual in the whole power system. Thirdly, higher education is on the peak of modern education system, which is the centre of education in a modern country. Especially from the 20th century, the economy has developed at a high speed, the population has increased on a large scale, and the competition between countries has been enhanced. All of these have driven the great development of higher education, so that college has been regarded as a main servant for society and a major instrument for social transformation, just next to the government. The higher education system and colleges in china, under the influence of historic tradition and real requirements, have displayed a unique political ecosystem. Ever since the Reform and Opening-up, it has experiences restoration, expansion and reformation, which is closely connected with social, political and economic development. It reflects both the success and the problems of Reform and Opening-up. There is significance either in reality or in theories to examine the development situation of Chinese colleges and higher education field after Reform and Opening-up from the perspective of politics, to relate it to topics such as the alternation of political elites, the mobility of social hierarchies, and to analyze, illustrate its political connotation.This dissertation starts from the theories of elitism, and studies the relationship between the new elite production and the field of colleges by means of analysis in political economies with the help of tools in educational politics. The summarizing of the theories of elitism attempts to extract the fundamental characteristics and the reason for alteration of the elite group, so as to propose the concepts of "Quasi-elite Production" and "College Field". Political economics analyzes the change of elite groups and college fields before and after the Reform and Opening-up from the two dimensions of politics and economics. It describes how this change is merged and reflected in the Quasi-elite Production, and by which system or mechanism it is put into practice. The theoretical instrument of educational politics supplies the basic perspective for recognition and analysis of College Field. Quasi-elite Production is a dynamic process. Therefore, its analysis ought to be placed within the historic background, social reality and system framework of China and to be understood of the phenomenon filled with rich history and reality influence within the political context of social transition. This dissertation discusses these questions:First of al, what new requirements do the process and the result of social transition in China raise to power (political) elites, and during that process, what change occurs of the College Field? Furthermore, what is the change for college students as "Quasi-elites", and which are the demands that determine the qualifications of elites? Finally, by what system or mechanism does the College Field interfere with the power (political) elite identity of college students, and to what extent does such a mechanism polarize the group of college students? Whether those college students who have not yet obtained the power (political) elite identity become the result-accepter, or compose a bottom group or a "Shadow Elite" group in contrast to the elite group?Apart from the Introduction, this dissertation is divided into six chapters. The Introduction makes a brief demarcation and a panorama of Quasi-elite Production, College Field and the relationship between the two, and provides a literature review of the theories of elitism and educational politics. This is the research background and the theoretical foundation of the dissertation. The first chapter proposes that the Elite Production Mode changes with its legitimacy. After 1949, the legitimacy of Chinese politics is based on "Revolution". Therefore, the Elite Production during this period is revolutionary. The College Field is not an independent field for elite production, but subordination to the political field. The second chapter points out that the legitimacy alters from "Revolution" to "Construction" after the Reform and Opening-up in 1978. The categories of elites experience transition in both dimensions of politics and economics. Under circumstances of an orderly society, colleges have become the main field to produce generations of elites, whose system and mechanism are under the influence of political and economical reformation as well. The third chapter investigates the influence of college entrance examination system upon elite production within China after abolishing the imperial examinations, with the cutting point of examination systems. It is stated that the system supplies the legitimacy certificate of "quality" for quasi-elites on the one hand, but on the other hand, it also leads to a recessive unfairness. The fourth chapter probes into the influence of system and mechanism both inside and outside the management of colleges upon the Quasi-elite Production from angles of government, market and their relationship with colleges. It points out that during the process of cultivation the unfairness of systems causes a borderline between the quasi-elites and the quasi-public. The fifth chapter addresses the relationship between career-acquisition and confirmation of the quasi-elite identity. It analyzes the function of "System Holes" in the transitioning process of market economy and the informal systems like interpersonal network on acquiring an occupation. Such a function renders the Quasi-elite Production unfair hereditarily. As a conclusion, the sixth chapter is the concise summary of the view in the whole dissertation. It tries to establish a theoretical connection among legitimacy conversion, elite production mode and system and mechanism of college field, and explores the influence of reality and politics and its theoretical significance, so as to supplement the general theories of elitism.