| With the development of economy and the change of social concept,more and more rural women go out to work driven by economic interests.However,with the large number of rural female laborers going out,behind the high growth of family income in rural areas,it is accompanied by a series of social problems such as the hollowing out of rural areas,the support of the elderly,and left-behind children.Rural women are an important component of the labor force and the main participants in family decision-making.The transfer of rural women's labor force is conducive to rural economic development,urban-rural integration,and conducive to the improvement of women's status and gender equality.Although the proportion of rural labor transfers continues to rise,female laborers are also affected by left-behind children and the elderly in their families,and there is also a downward trend.At the same time,the positive and negative effects of the transfer of rural female labor force on the family still need to be studied.How can rural women establish employment strategies that are most suitable for themselves and their families in an individual context,and how to maximize family effects and enhance their own happiness.It is the focus of research.This article is based on hilly rural areas.Compared with plain areas,hilly areas have more complicated terrain,more inconvenient transportation,lower levels of urbanization,and greater difficulty in transferring.The issue of rural women's transfer in hilly areas is worthy of attention.Therefore,it has important theoretical and practical significance to study the influencing factors of rural female labor transfer in hilly areas and the family effects it brings.This research is based on a systematic review of the existing literature,starting from the perspective of interdisciplinary,based on population geography,rural geography,and gender geography research,with labor transfer theory,gender theory,and family decision theory as the main axis.Through stratified sampling,we selected typical sample villages in the hilly area of Sichuan Province,starting from the trend and structural changes of female labor transfer in the process of urbanization,to explore the current situation of rural labor transfer in the hilly area of Sichuan Province and the trend of regional changes.After processing the cross-sectional data,using binary regression and multiple disorder regression models to study the factors affecting the labor transfer of rural women in the hilly area of Sichuan Province,this study uses a large number of long-term data from 2012 to 2018.The tracking panel data not only pays attention to family effects such as support for the elderly and children's education,but also pays attention to family harmony and family happiness effects,which can provide a more comprehensive picture of the migration of rural women in hilly areas and the family effects brought about by them.reveal.Finally,using the above research to form a structural equation model of "individual background—employment strategy—family harmony—happiness effect",a comprehensive and in-depth analysis and research on the material and psychological effects of rural women's transfer can better reflect all dimensions.Interrelationships between.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The level of urbanization and population migration in Sichuan Province has obvious temporal and spatial characteristics.The level of urbanization in Sichuan Province has steadily increased year by year.Since 2017,the urban population has exceeded the rural population,and the urbanization level in the east is higher than the urbanization level in the west.specialty.(1)The rural labor force in Sichuan Province reached its peak in 1992.After experiencing fluctuations,it has been declining since1999,and the growth rate has accelerated.From 2013 to 2017,the industry with the largest number of female laborers in Sichuan was always the manufacturing industry,followed by education,public management,and Sichuan female laborers also gradually shifted from low-tech and low-value-added industries to high-tech and highvalue-added industries.Industry.(2)The city with the largest number of rural female laborers is Chengdu,followed by Nanchong and Dazhou.The overall employment situation of rural male labor is better than that of females.The female migrant population tends to migrate within the province,and there are more female migrants within the province than men,and more male migrants than females outside the province.(3)Family transfer has the following characteristics: First,the mobility model is developing towards familyization,and the second is the longer-term and stability of mobility.(2)The migration trend of rural female labor force in the hilly area of Sichuan Province is affected by many factors.Age has a significant negative impact on employment industry and location,and education level is significantly positively correlated with industry choice.According to the survey results,85% of rural women have only junior high school education or below,and their educational level has severely restricted the impact of agricultural feminization on women's own development and the resulting status of women in rural social development.(1)The proportion of rural women in the hilly areas who go out to work is not high.More than 84% of women choose to work in the county.Most rural women are engaged in agriculture,service industry,and manufacturing.(2)In terms of whether to work as a party member,education level has a significant positive trend,while age and the number of elders in the family have a significant negative impact on the decisionmaking of rural women migrant workers in hilly areas.(3)For the employment industry,age,whether it is a party member,marital status,education level,skill mastery,the number of elderly people,and the number of children all have varying degrees of influence on different industries,and the number of children has the most extensive influence,Has a significant negative impact on rural women's employment in agriculture,secondary industry,tertiary industry I and tertiary industry II in hilly areas.(4)For the place of employment,personal factors,relative to working in the county,age,whether they are a village cadre,and whether they are party members have a significant impact on working in counties inside and outside the province,while the number of children in family factors,Has a significant negative influence trend on working in counties inside and outside the province;age and whether it is a village cadre has a very significant negative influence on working in other provinces;the number of children in family factors also has a very significant negative effect on working in other provinces The negative influence trend of social factors;the type of landform and the distance from the urban center in the social factors also have a significant impact on the employment strategy of rural women.(3)The employment strategy of rural female labor force transfer in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province has varying degrees of impact on the children and the elderly in the family.(1)Age,the education level of women,the industry and the place of employment all have a significant impact on the education level of their children.Among them,age has a significant negative influence on the education level of the children,with a magnitude of-0.075;the education level of women has a significant effect on the children.Education level has a positive and obvious impact,with an effect size of 0.208;working in agriculture,secondary industry,tertiary industry I,and tertiary industry II has a negative effect on children's education level;while working in other provinces has a negative effect on children's education level It has a significant positive effect,with an effect size of 1.574.(2)Age,urbanization rate,and industry have a significant impact on the number of children.Among them,the urbanization rate has a significant negative effect on the number of children,with an effect size of-0.022;age has a significant positive effect on the number of children,with an effect size of 0.017;engaged in agriculture,secondary industry,tertiary industry I,tertiary industry II Has a negative effect on the number of children.(3)The urbanization rate has a significant impact on the number of elderly people,with a positive effect,and the size of the effect is 0.038.The higher the urbanization rate,the better the economic and medical conditions,the greater number of elderly people.(4)The urbanization rate has no significant impact on the health status of the elderly.(4)The four levels of personal background and employment strategy,family harmony and happiness perception of rural female labor force in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province are interconnected.The subjective well-being of rural women in hilly areas is generally higher,and 70% of women feel happy or very happy.Only 20%of rural women in hilly areas feel obvious family conflicts,and rural women in hilly areas have a high subjective evaluation of life.(1)From the results of the structural equation model,it can be seen that personal characteristics and age have the most significant effect on the perception of happiness.The older the person,the more willing to contribute to the family and more likely feels happiness.(2)Family status also has a very significant impact on employment strategies,and shows a negative trend.The larger the family population,especially the more children,the less willing to engage in the tertiary industry and work at longer distances;Family status has no significant effect on happiness perception.(3)Family harmony also has a very significant impact on the perception of happiness.The more harmonious the family atmosphere,the fewer family conflicts,the more happiness they feel,and the more willing to contribute to and take care of the family.Sort according to the total effect value that affects the happiness perception of rural women in the hilly area,from large to small: personal characteristics,family harmony,employment strategy,environmental factors,family status. |
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