Research On The Origin,Rise And Governing Practice Of Likud Party In Israel

Political party is an important political force in modern society,and party politics is the basic mode of operation of modern politics.As a parliamentary democracy,political parties play an important role in Israel's state building and political modernization process.Since 1977,the Likud Party has become the dominant political party in Israel's political arena,and it has also become an important driving force for Israel to maintain political stability,economic development and national security in the complex external environment.Research on the origin,development,and governance of the Likud Party will help clarify Israel's political development trajectory,social economic changes,and surrounding security situation.The political evolution of the Likud Party can be divided into three periods: origin(1925-1948),development(1948-1977)and governance(1977-2021).The Likud Party originated from the early activities of Revisionist Zionism,the latter being the result of the division of the Zionist organization,the upsurge of Arab nationalism,and the interests of British colonialism,and it was finally formed in Mandatory Palestine under British.Revisionist Zionism regards the pursuit of "Greater Israel" as its main ideological foundation,emphasizing military power and armed struggle,and it has both extreme and violent attributes.The ideas,organizations and activities of the revisionist Zionism contributed to the establishment of the Israeli state and laid the foundation for the rise of the Likud Party.The organizational form of the Likud Partyhas gone through three stages of development: the Herut,the Gahal and the Likud Party.The Herut was born out of the Revisionist Zionism armed force Irgun.At the beginning of its formation,it was regarded as the “internal other” of the revisionist movement.It was rejected by mainstream parties and morally criticized by the Jewish community.It is in a marginal position in the political party structure.In order to change the living conditions,the Herut timely softened its ultra-nationalist ideology,and at the same time formed a new party alliance,the Gahal,and joined the coalition government by taking advantage of the "Six-Day War",and finally obtained legal status.In 1973,in order to further compete in the political arena,the Gahal united with other political parties to form the Likud Party,and gradually expanded its political space and voter support under the background of religious and ethnic conflicts.In 1977,it successfully replaced the Labor Party to obtain the ruling position.After 1977,the Right-wing political parties represented by the Likud Party have long dominated the political arena,creating a new situation in Israel's internal affairs and diplomacy.First of all,with regard to the Palestinian-Israeli issue,the Likud Party strove to expand settlements in the West Bank,deny the right of the Palestine refugees return,and unify Jerusalem,resulting in a long-term stagnation in the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks.Secondly,in terms of social economy,the Likud Party promotes the marketization,liberalization and globalization of the Israeli economy.Finally,in the field of diplomacy,one is to replace liberal Jews with Christian evangelicals to reshape the new pillar of US-Israeli relations;the second is to normalize relations with some Arab countries at a relatively small cost;and the third is to promote offensive diplomacy to defend against the enemy.The national defense strategy outside the country has completely improved Israel's surrounding security environment.The Likud Party's long-term standing in the political arena is a natural result of the right-leaning of Israel's political society.It also benefits from its own complete party organization system and is inseparable from its right-wing populist ideological propaganda with security as its core demand.First of all,the right-shift of Israeli political society is mainly manifested in the bankruptcy of the concept of “the land for peace”,the decline of left-wing parties,the right turn of religious parties,the deorganization of Arab parties,the massive immigration of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union,and the high birth rate of Ultra-Orthodox Jews and the rapid expansion of the Settlement's population.Second,the Likud Party's organization is complete,with a broad base of party members,capable party backbones,and an endless stream of charismatic leaders.Finally,the Likud Party vigorously incited the opposition between the left and the right,the opposition between the Jews and the Arabs,the opposition between the native Jews and the Diaspora,and the opposition between the state power and foreign hostile forces.The growth of the Likud Party from the periphery to the center of the Israeli political arena has profoundly revealed the changes in Israel's self-perception and political demands in the complex geopolitical environment of the Middle East.The ideology and ruling practice of the Likud Party deeply promoted Israel's nation-state building and political modernization process,but its accompanying conflicts between Jewishness and democracy of the state,the rival between secular principles and religious ideals,and Post-Zionism' strike constitutes the uncertainty of Israel's political development.