Research On Corruption Governance Of Local Government Officials In China From The Perspective Of Strategic Management

Corruption is a serious challenge faced by all countries in the world.On a global scale,it has become the consensus of all countries to jointly combat corruption.From an international perspective,Transparency International has published the scores and rankings of the Global Corruption Perceptions Index every year since 1995.For the past 26 years,China has been ranked in the middle and lower reaches in nearly 180 countries,and has always been in the "severe corruption" score area.The evaluation pointed out that due to the relative lack of power supervision and transparency,the outside world has doubts about whether China’s anti-corruption can be sustained.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party Central Committee has deeply promoted comprehensive and strict governance of the Party,and promoted the “Don’t dare to corrupt,cannot corrupt,and don’t want to corrupt”.While constantly improving the system and mechanism of corruption governance,it has adhered to "No restricted area,full coverage,and zero tolerance" promoted the practice of high-pressure anti-corruption,and the anti-corruption struggle achieved an overwhelming victory.At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection held in January 2021,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,although historic achievements have been made in the construction of party style and clean government and the fight against corruption,the situation is still severe and complicated." "The struggle between corrosion and anti-corruption will exist for a long time,and if you relax a little,you may lose all your previous efforts.There is no choice in anti-corruption,and you must advance through the difficulties.It can be seen that there is still a long way to go in the governance of corruption in our country.Through the analysis of relevant data in the work report of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate over the years,it is shown that county and city-level local government officials have become the main body of corruption,which is also the most difficult point in China’s current corruption governance,and presents some new characteristics under the new situation,mainly in the form of : The number of duty crimes with bribery as the main form of crime is increasing,and the forms of corruption are intelligent,concealed,diversified,complicated,and option-oriented."Political and economic issues are intertwined,traditional and new types of corruption are intertwined,corruption issues and improper The wind is intertwined" and so on.At the same time,the phenomenon of "being an official but not doing it",which is manifested by lazy and mediocre governance,has also become a prominent problem,and it is spreading,affecting the benign operation of government management and damaging the image of the party and government,which is a new type of "Corruption in disguise" and"invisible corruption".Based on the complication of corruption issues and the new characteristics presented by changes in the external environment,there is an urgent need to introduce strategic management thinking in the governance of corruption.The essence of corruption is the abuse of public power,and the main crux of corruption governance is how to effectively restrict and supervise public power.For this reason,it is necessary to explore the mechanism of corruption from the root cause,to find out various factors that affect the occurrence of corruption and formulate scientific corruption control countermeasures accordingly.This article defines the research objects as local government officials,all party and government officials who exercise public power at the two local levels of the county（district,county-level city）and city（prefecture-level city and sub-provincial city）.The reason why local government officials are selected as the research subjects is mainly based on three considerations: one is that local government officials at the county and city levels are at the linking level,covering a wide range,and are typical and representative;the second is that local government officials at the county and city levels are general Promoted by county and township cadres or dispatched by provincial and municipal cadres,they have good realistic performance;the third is that the sample size of provincial and ministerial officials is relatively small,and the sample size of county and city-level local government officials is relatively large.The research provides abundant sample support.The idea of this research is to put corruption governance under the perspective of strategic management,and combine the macro and micro strategic environment to condense the core issues of corruption governance in China: First,"what is the mechanism of corruption of local government officials in China?",that is,why does the corruption occur? The second is "how to conduct effective local government officials’ corruption governance from the perspective of strategic management",that is,what is the implementation mechanism of local government officials’ corruption governance.From the perspective of strategic management,this paper builds a triangle model of corruption governance strategy of “mission governance-organization governance-operation governance” around the logic main line of corruption occurrence mechanism of “corruption motivation-corruption opportunity-corruption behavior”,using strategic environmental analysis method and questionnaire Investigation method,content analysis method,case analysis method,etc.,analyze and demonstrate the strategic environment,connotative elements,effect mechanism and realization mechanism of corruption governance in China,and draw on foreign experience in corruption governance,and put forward the corruption governance of local government officials in China from the perspective of strategic management path selection and countermeasures.This study believes that the governance of corruption from the perspective of strategic management mainly includes the corruption of "being official acting inappropriately" and the corruption of "being official not acting".Among them,the special attention to the corruption of "being an official and not acting as an official" is also discussed in this article.Compared with previous studies,the research ideas are further expanded.The main difference between corruption governance from the perspective of strategic management and general corruption governance is that it focuses on the analysis of the external environment,which is more forward-looking toward the future,and attaches importance to the matching of government roles with the environment.Its public value goal is to maintain the effectiveness of national governance,to satisfy the public’s public value needs,to balance the interests of multiple subjects and face a sustainable future.Based on the analysis framework and logical thinking of the "triangular model" of corruption governance of local government officials,combined with theoretical and empirical analysis results,this article mainly draws the following conclusions:Theoretical level: First,the "triangular model" of corruption governance for local government officials from the perspective of strategic management shows that public value is the core of corruption governance,and mission governance,organizational governance,and operational governance are the three important dimensions of corruption governance.Among them,public value is the "baton" of corruption governance,which embodies the core goal of corruption governance.It comes from the expectations and requirements of the government’s service objects—the public.It is a consensus expression of their perceptions and is effective.Value collection.According to changes in public expectations and needs,corruption governance entities should adjust their targets in time to discover and create more public value.Mission governance is the "centering stone" for corruption governance,and it pays attention to the ideological motivations and values ??of local government officials from the perspective of individual psychology.The root cause of corruption of local government officials lies in their own corruption motives.Mission governance focuses on cutting off the corruption motives of local government officials from the source,so that they "do not want to be corrupt." Organizational governance is the "steering wheel" of corruption governance,and the institutional mechanism guarantee for the legitimacy and authoritative role of corruption governance.The loopholes or deficiencies of institutional mechanisms are often important incentives for corruption opportunities.Organizational governance focuses on eliminating corruption opportunities for local government officials and making them "incapable of corruption." Operational governance is the "metronome" of corruption governance,focusing on the dynamic and benign operation of corruption governance authority.Changes in the internal and external environment have made corruption more complicated and diversified.Operational governance focuses on effectively controlling the corruption of local government officials and making them "dare to be corrupt."Second,the triangle model of the corruption governance strategy of "mission governance-organization governance-operation governance" reveals the mechanism for achieving the goals of corruption governance.Conduct PEST analysis of the macro-environment of politics,economy,society,culture,technology,etc.on corruption governance,and take “corruption motives—corruption opportunities—corrupt behaviors” as the logical starting point,and combine the “mission governance—organizational governance—operational governance” as a logical starting point.The three dimensions of corruption governance correspond to one of the three dimensions.The core of corruption governance is to realize public value,and the ultimate goal is to "dare not to be corrupt,not want to be corrupt" and the realization of integrity politics.Public value runs through the process of corruption governance.It is a comprehensive reflection of the concepts of efficiency,publicity,fairness,coordination,and sustainability,and is reflected in the output and results of corruption governance.The public value of corruption governance includes aspects such as maintaining the effectiveness of national governance,satisfying the public’s public value needs,balancing the interests of multiple subjects,and facing a sustainable future.Mission governance starts from the psychological perspective of local government officials,focusing on how to adjust,improve and strengthen the psychological state of local government officials,stimulate the endogenous motivation to act,and apply the concept of governance to enhance the mission awareness of local government officials to reduce corruption motives.Specifically,it is realized through three elements: mindfulness,public service motivation,and professional identity.Mindfulness is embodied as a positive mental state,which is a guarantee for improving personal and organizational performance.Public service motivation is the internal driving force of local government officials’ obvious willingness to serve public value.Occupational identity is the consistency of cognition,experience,emotion,and personal behavioral tendencies of the current occupation.Through the study of the ternary interaction between the cognition,behavior and environment of local government officials,it has further shown that the inertia energy produced by the corruption of “being an official but not doing” is extremely harmful,which is the goal of our country’s political goal of incorruption.The huge hindrance factor.Organizational governance starts from the perspective of the corruption governance system and mechanism,focuses on the political role of each governance body,optimizes the system and mechanism to eliminate corruption opportunities,and advocates a systematic analysis and mechanism construction of the corruption governance of local government officials from the perspective of strengthening power restriction and supervision.,Specifically through the three elements of corruption governance entities,corruption governance institutions,and corruption governance systems.The subject of corruption governance is a political force that has a certain influence on corruption governance,is the "leader" of corruption governance,and has a supervisory and restrictive role in public power.Corruption governance institutions are institutional arrangements based on public power restriction and supervision functions,and are the "carriers" of the subject’s behavior.The corruption governance system is the legality of the authority and power of the governance process of the corruption governance subject,and the institutional guarantee for standardizing the operation of public power.This article writes programs based on the Python programming language,introduces the crawler technology of the Scrapy framework,and uses the content analysis method to conduct quantitative text analysis of the previous work reports of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,and analyze the hot spots and trends of corruption governance through high-frequency word analysis It summarizes and confirms the importance of the three elements.Operational governance is based on the standard exercise of public power,emphasizing the effective integration and utilization of various resources in accordance with changes in the external environment,putting the strategic objectives of corruption governance into practice to reduce corruption,and specifically through key field supervision,multiple collaborative networks,and performance evaluation The three elements of dynamic debugging can be realized.Supervision in key areas,focusing on areas with high incidence of corruption,key minority and vital posts;a multiple synergy network,is to integrate the strengths of various corruption governance entities to achieve all-round and full-process supervision;evaluation and dynamic debugging are designed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of corruption governance.Adjust and improve the shortcomings,and promote the dynamic optimization of corruption control operations.Empirical level: First,conducted an empirical study on mission governance to ease local government officials’ "doing not as officials".Using relatively mature scales from authoritative journals at home and abroad,a questionnaire survey covering the four dimensions of mindfulness,public service motivation,professional identity,and job boredom was produced.A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to county and city-level local government officials.,Recovered 561 samples,the sample distribution is balanced,and the representativeness is strong.The analysis results show that mindfulness has a significant negative impact on job burnout of local government officials.Occupational identity regulates the relationship between mindfulness and public service.When the level of professional identity is high,the effect of mindfulness on job burnout through public service motivation is strengthened.As a result,mindfulness relieves job burnout and improves the phenomenon of "being an official but not acting" through the mediating role of the public service motivation of local government officials and the mediating role of professional identity.Second,from the perspective of operation and governance,a case study of the corruption of “top leaders” officials in prefecture-level cities in China is conducted.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（November 2012-December 2020）,official public reports such as the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the State Supervision Commission have been investigated and punished in the current posts of the municipal party committee secretary and mayor,or have served in the same period There were 118 cases of corruption in the posts of secretary of the municipal party committee and mayor（excluding county-level cities）.Three types of analysis indicators and more than 30 sub-indices were summarized,and a corruption case database was established.The study found that corrupt “top leaders” of prefecture-level cities have the following characteristics: highly educated,more than 60% choose to continue their studies on the job,younger,and more than 60% are the “top leaders” of prefecture-level cities between the ages of 45 and 51,and are corrupt for the first time whose average age is 41.53 years old,of which 65% is at the bureau level,the average age at the time of investigation is 55.27 years old.More than 50% have the experience of serving as top leaders in counties and townships,and more than 85% of officials have conducted cross-regional exchanges.The corruption problems of “top leaders” in prefecture-level cities present the following characteristics:engineering,land,personnel,and capital are the four high-incidence areas of corruption.The incubation period of corruption is long,with an average of 12.12 years.The problem of disease promotion is prominent,and the promotion of disease to the first level.The second level accounted for 84.21%,with bribery being the most important form.Based on the analysis of the case and the current environment,this study believes that the corruption of local government officials presents political and economic issues intertwined,"hunting" and willingness to "being hunted" intertwined,the chain of interests of local government officials’ corruption is complicated,and local government officials’ corruption is contagious.The effect is significant,the lives of local government officials have become corrupted and degraded,and the number of people investigated after retirement has increased.Through the case,we found that the corruption of the “top leader” in the prefecture-level city has a long incubation period.The discipline inspection and supervision organs still have great difficulties in supervising the party committees at the same level,especially the “top leader”.This shows that the current “top leader” corruption governance Complexity.However,from the perspective of the sources of clues,the current “top leaders” of prefecture-level city corruption cases are mainly handled by official investigations and notifications.The proportion of clues provided through mass reporting,media exposure and other channels is relatively low.In future governance,we should Establish a collaborative governance network of multiple subjects to form a joint force for co-governance of corruption.In the selection and appointment of local government officials,the phenomenon of “promotion with illness” is a manifestation of the anomie of power in selecting and appointing cadres.Through case studies,we have found that nearly 80% of officials have been promoted with illness,and“promotion with illness” caused “inferiority”.The effect of “money driving out good money”forms a chain of corrupt interests,disrupts the orderly operation of government agencies,and has a great impact and destruction on the political ecology of a place.Therefore,this phenomenon should be taken seriously.In the future governance,evaluation and dynamic debugging should be strengthened.According to the actual situation in the corruption operation and governance,timely feedback and strengthening dynamic adjustment and correction,improve the management and supervision system and mechanism of selection and employment,and improve the detection and detection of corruption.The efficiency of investigation and punishment has made "looking back" a part of the system and mechanism of benign operation.Based on this,future corruption governance should pay close attention to the supervision of corruption issues in key positions,key areas and key links,establish a multi-subject collaborative governance network to form a joint force for corruption and co-governance,and evaluate corruption governance based on the characteristics and trends of corruption issues.And make dynamic adjustments and optimizations to optimize the corruption governance system and achieve corruption governance efficiency.Based on the above theoretical and empirical analysis,this article believes that in the face of multiple uncertain environments,corruption governance requires a holistic and systematic top-level design to transform a normalized block structure into a future-oriented corruption governance system.From the perspective of strategic management,corruption governance faces the future,pays attention to changes in the external environment,and realizes and creates public value as the core goal of the corruption governance system design.The three dimensions of mission governance,organizational governance,and operational governance are not isolated,but only coordinated advancement.Only by uniting corruption prevention,punishment,and control,can we reduce corruption motives,eliminate corruption opportunities,control corrupt behavior,and achieve the goal of "building a mechanism that dare not,cannot,or do not want to be corrupt,and realize clean politics",and promote national governance.Modernization of systems and governance capabilities.The anti-corruption struggle is always on the way.In the future,corruption governance will be a long-term and arduous task.It should start from the perspective of strategic management,be guided by public values,and consider the three dimensions of mission governance,organizational governance and operational governance to explore effective punishment,countermeasures to prevent and control corruption in the future.This article proposes the following suggestions for the establishment of a clean political system: First,introduce the concept and methods of government strategic management to maximize the realization of public value.By strengthening the top-level design of the corruption governance strategy,clarifying the positioning of strategic objectives in the context of national governance,using strategic management analysis tools,etc.,focus on public expectations and requirements to realize the public value of corruption governance.Second,strengthen the education of local government officials and the building of clean government leadership,cultivate the awareness of "not wanting to be corrupt".Specific measures are to strengthen ideals and belief education,clean government education,improve mental health and work performance through mindfulness training,and adopt effective selection,training,assessment and incentive measures to enhance professional identity.Third,promote the optimization of corruption control systems and mechanisms,strengthen the mechanism of "not wanting to be corrupt".The specific measures are to optimize the power structure and power checks and balances mechanism,systematically improve the system of supervision and restriction on public power,build a "virtuous circle" of corruption governance,and promote the realization of "incorruptible politics." Fourth,promote a virtuous circle of multiple coordination and co-governance,and build a closed loop of supervision that "does not dare to be corrupt." The specific measures are to transmit clear signals,fully mobilize the enthusiasm of multiple subjects to participate in corruption governance,seize the prevention and control of key groups,key areas and key links,form a closed loop of power supervision,cultivate a clean and honest value concept,and create a zero tolerance for corruption social atmosphere and so on.Fifth,carry out effect evaluation and dynamic debugging in a timely manner to strengthen performance evaluation and feedback.The specific measures are to further improve the accountability and error tolerance mechanism of government officials,establish a three-in-one power supervision performance evaluation system for corruption prevention,punishment,and control,and comprehensively strengthen the evaluation of the implementation of corruption governance.The innovation of this research lies in: First,it studies the corruption governance of local government officials in China from the perspective of strategic management.Existing studies are based on strategic management theory,and it is rare to systematically study the corruption governance of local government officials in China.This research deepens the application of strategic management theory in China’s corruption governance,which meets the actual needs of the economy and society and is positive.Value orientation has strong practical significance.Second,take the "triangular model" of corruption governance of local government officials as the theoretical analysis framework.The model takes public value as the core,and takes "mission governance-organizational governance-operational governance" as specific measures to integrate "corruption motives-corruption opportunities-corruption" The occurrence mechanism of "behavior" runs through the analysis of the three dimensions,and corresponds to the governance dimension one-to-one,which has certain theoretical contribution significance.Third,it expands the research dimension of corruption of "being an official but not acting".Existing studies mostly focus on the typical corruption form of "being an official but acting inappropriately".This article further deepens the new form of corruption of "being an official but not acting".The theoretical research of the company has a certain degree of innovation.At the same time,in order to alleviate the phenomenon of "being an official but not acting",new variables of psychological governance have been found-mindfulness,professional identity,and public service motivation,which enriches the psychological perspective of corruption governance of local government officials.