Research On The Basic Theory Of Ideological And Political Education In German Ideology

"German Ideology" is the founding work of Marx and Engels to establish historical materialism,and has a landmark epoch-making significance in the history of Marxist thought development.In this classic work,Marx and Engels completed the theoretical construction of a "scientific world view" with "real people and their historical development" as the logical starting point by criticizing the German philosophy after Hegel.And then realized the worldview revolution from "interpreting the world" to "changing the world".German Ideology explains historical materialism.With the vision of world history,the height of the spirit of the times,the experience and recognition of people's values,the self-awakening of practical power and the pursuit of communism,it truly transcends all the philosophies of "all previous materialism" and "idealism".This also injected "ideological lightning" into the proletarian movement and the cause of human liberation,and provided "spiritual weapons".By studying and analyzing the context of the text of German Ideology,we can find that the existing two volumes and six chapters of German Ideology contain profound academic propositions,rich ideological contents and distinct values about ideological and political education.The research on the basic theory of ideological and political education belongs to the premise and foundation that needs to be answered and questioned constantly in the whole process of the existence and development of ideological and political education.To study the basic theory of ideological and political education contained in German Ideology is to sort out,summarize and analyze Marx and Engels' ideological exposition on the basic position,viewpoint and methodological principle of ideological and political education from German Ideology.So as to lay the theoretical research and practical exploration of ideological and political education in the new era on the solid foundation of Marxist theory.This is also an important task to improve the construction of the ideological and political education system in the new era and deepen the innovation of the ideological and political education system in the new era.Marx and Engels did not explicitly put forward the concept of "ideological and political education" in German Ideology.In order to link the classical judgments and important expositions in German Ideology with ideological and political education,the deep excavation of ideological and political education implication in German Ideology can clarify the premise and clarify the essence.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the concept of the core category of ideological and political education in German Ideology in the "premise criticism",so as to provide a clearer overall regulation and scope for further follow-up text research.By examining and discriminating the connotations of the three core conceptual categories of ideological and political education in German Ideology,we can conclude that ideology and ideological and political education have high internal homogeneity in the historical development of human society.Therefore,the essence of ideological and political education lies in ideology.The essential connotation of ideological and political education determines the basic law of ideological and political education.After clarifying that the essence of ideological and political education lies in ideology,we can further extract the basic laws of ideological and political education from German Ideology.Marx and Engels investigated the historical law of human social development in the text.Based on this historical law,we can make a historical vertical connection between the existence and development of ideological and political education.It reveals the historical development law of ideological and political education with the emergence of "society",the development of "practice" and the extinction of "class".Marx and Engels analyzed the relationship between "ruling class thought" and "dominant thought" in the text.From the core perspective of the relationship between the two,we can get that "ruling class thought" is highly consistent with "dominant thought" in the social horizontal connection between the existence and development of ideological and political education.We can get the concept of "dominant thought" to "dominant material relationship".We can get the law of social class that "producers of ideas" adjust to the era of "production and distribution of ideas".Marx and Engels explained the internal contradiction between "spirit and material" in the text.Based on the fundamental judgment of the internal contradiction between the two,we can sum up the mutual needs of "spiritual power" and "material power" on the basis of the self-internal connection of the existence and development of ideological and political education.We can sum up the realistic inevitability that "material power can only be destroyed by material power".We can sum up the internal law of the mutual transformation between "material power" and "spiritual power".The basic law of ideological and political education indicates the methodology of ideological and political education.According to the classic judgment on the development process of social spiritual phenomena in German Ideology,the basic laws of ideological and political education can be refined.On this basis,we can further summarize and summarize the methodological principles of ideological and political education.Ideological and political education should start from "realistic individuals" and take "people engaged in practical activities" as the starting point of all problems.Then return to the life world of "realistic individual" and insist that "educators should also receive education".Strive to be people-centered and people-oriented.Secondly,ideological and political education needs to be based on "people's perceptual activities".This methodological principle requires ideological and political education to "always stand on the basis of history".It is necessary to "explain various ideologies from material practice" and "realize them by changing environment instead of theoretical deduction".Strive to seek truth from facts and integrate theory with practice.In the end,ideological and political education needs to be implemented by "practical means".This methodological principle requires ideological and political education to make full use of the three means of "exposing","criticizing" and "awakening".We should persist in breaking the old rules and innovatively create a new situation.Marx and Engels systematically discussed the civil society theory,realistic man and his historical development,practical philosophy,alienated labor,criticism of German socialist ideological trend,modern state theory,communist social conception,movement law of spiritual phenomena and capitalist contradictions and conflicts.Based on these important contents,we can summarize and sort out the basic contents of ideological and political education from three dimensions: "ideological education","moral education" and "political education".In the dimension of "ideological education",it includes three aspects: "the richness of an individual's spiritual reality depends entirely on the richness of his real relationship","freeing them from fantasy,idea,dogma and imagination" and "developing thinking ability".In the dimension of "moral education",it includes three aspects: "opposing metaphysical moral preaching","respecting the necessary form of self-realization" and "shaping the true concept of community".In the dimension of "political education",it includes three aspects: producing revolutionary consciousness,believing in communism and uniting the proletariat.Through textual research and analysis of the essential connotations of core conceptual categories such as "consciousness","ideology" and "ideological and political education" in German Ideology,and combing and analyzing the basic laws,methodology and main contents of ideological and political education in German Ideology,it can be revealed that the essential attribute of ideological and political education is the ideology,and the main task of ideological and political education lies in ideological education.Based on this,we can use systematic concept and holistic thinking to refine and summarize the enlightenment of German Ideology to the construction of ideological and political education system.This is obtained from the dual research perspective of integrating the ideological and political education into social life and infiltrating the psychological world.On the one hand,Marx and Engels discussed in German Ideology that people construct their own spiritual world with multiple dimensions such as belief,meaning and emotion from certain social and political relations.If the ideological and political education system wants to create "real spiritual wealth",it needs to truly reflect and care for the social relations and real-life of "real individuals".On the other hand,Marx and Engels explained the fundamental nature and status of people's psychological factors such as thinking,spirit,emotion and will in German Ideology.It also reveals that the development and change of social material life is the decisive reason for the change of people's psychological factors.Therefore,it laid the psychological foundation from the perspective of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.In the historical process of the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era,if ideological and political education is to lead the Chinese nation and people to work with one heart and unity in the new journey of realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,it will play the functional role of gathering souls and strengthening the foundation.Then it is necessary to make the ideological and political education "integrate into the world",so that the ideological theory,values and moral norms of Marxist ideology can have a ubiquitous and ever-present social influence.Moreover,the ideological and political education needs to be "integrated into the heart".So that the ideological theory,values and moral norms of Marxist ideology can be truly recognized and consciously accepted by people.Therefore,the soul of Marxist ideology is internalized into spiritual pursuit and externalized into practical action.