A Study Of The 1918 Soviet Russia Constitution

The main point of this thesis is that the 1918 constitution of the Russian socialist federal Soviet republic constructs the socialist state order which is consist of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the poor peasants,the system of Soviet,and the national federalism.This construction is used to prepare for the political and economic situation of the transition period after the 1917 Russian revolution.On the one hand,it takes into consideration of the influence and strength of the Russian traditional political and ideological heritage.On the other hand,it profoundly expresses the Marxist principle of the evolution of society.In order to explore the basic character of the constitution,we should expound the ideal form of constitution,and notice the way how it expresses the revolutionary spirit and keep the political order.So,four aspects of works have been done in this thesis.Firstly,this thesis summarizes the fundamental characters of Russian traditional political structure and 19 th century Russian idea.On the one hand,until the emancipation of serfs in 1861,the absolutist political andeconomic structure based on serfdom starts to step into modernization.On the other hand,as far as the 19 th century Russian idea is concerned,Russian Marxism is a program of the Political and economic modernization from its beginning.So,these two factors are the original material of Russian revolution and constitution.Secondly,this thesis describes the birth of the Constitution,including the action and dissolution of Constitutional Convention in the course of the revolution.It also focuses on the Soviet Constitutional Council's actions and principles of making the Constitution.In consideration of the supremacy of socialist revolutionary interests,Lenin dissolves the Constitutional Convention which refuses to obey the Soviet.After that,according to two basic constitutional principles,the Soviet Constitutional Council establishes the first socialist constitution.One,Constitution only should stipulate the polity and the structure of the state which is a dictatorship of the proletariat.The state is in the period of political transition from capitalism to socialism.Second,Constitution should be the record and summary of people's political experience and achievement in the course of the revolution.Thirdly,as the main part of this thesis,it lays special stress on analyzing ideological source and basic character of dictatorship of proletariat,Soviet and National federalism.One,in the expectation of the world revolution,the 1918 Soviet Russia constitutionhopes to swiftly realize a new free society without class and state.And,it wants to end the dictatorship of proletariat.Second,Soviet is a new type of polity,a type of organization which matches the dictatorship of proletariat.With the end of dictatorship of proletariat,Soviet will accomplish its self-deconstruction and come into an ideal society.Third,Owing to the political situation,Bolshevik can not adopt democratic centralism after the revolution.So,National federalism is adopted as a temporary political structure.In the progress of realizing socialism and national fusion,the self-deconstruction of National federalism will be accomplished.In a word,the dictatorship of proletariat,Soviet,National federalism of the 1918 Soviet Russia constitution are fundamentally a kind of expedient measure before the realization of communist society.According to the original intention of Constitution,they all quickly achieve the self-deconstruction after the fulfillment of the final goal.Fourth,to maintain the spirit of American Revolution and the post-revolutionary order,it has to constantly come back to the starting point of founding the country.Compared with America,to maintain the spirit of Russian Revolution and the post-revolutionary order,it has to constantly reaffirm the ultimate goal of communism.As the 1936 and1977 constitution of Soviet Union have shown,When the ultimate goal can not fulfill in the political practice,the maintenance of Soviet Union's political order only relies on the reaffirmation of the ultimate goal and theredefinition of the nature of present moment toward to the ultimate goal.