Causes,Manifestations And Consequences Of Transnational Ties Of Qiaoxiang’s International Migrants

An increasingly number of international migrants have already broken the constraint of territory and national states,and establish a social space connection that spans geographical conditions between the receiving country and the sending country,even some migrants directly regard shuttling among different countries as a norm part of their immigration life.Transnationalism and Theory of Circular Migration emerged in the latter half of the 20th Century have offered some explanations about these new phenomena.However,as for Transnationalism,although the Transnationalism has been introduced into China,the empirical research is still not enough.Further more,these studies mainly target at "elite migrants",while research focusing on non-elite migrants such as Fuzhou international migrants is not enough.While the research on Circular Migration Theory is little as well in China,only a few scholars introduce it into China.Although these scholars have made great contributions,such studies are only applied in explaining Chinese internal migrations,and study on the international migration is still scarce.Given such a background,this paper is based on study of Fuzhou,a famous Qiaoxiang in China,trying to reveal the causes,manifestations and consequences of transnational ties of Qiaoxiang’s international migrants.For this purpose,various methods such as questionnaire,field work and typical case study were employed.The primary research conclusions are as the followings:First,transnational ties of international migrants lead to form of transnational social space.Transnational ties are consisted by various forms.This paper examines these transnational ties from three perspectives-transnational families,transnational fostering and transnational enterprise.Under background of transnational space,people can set up their families,raise their descendant and even operate their enterprises in different countries.As for transnational families,this paper examines that the family do not have to settle in one region;transnational fostering also shows international migrants’distinguished attitudes towards location;the enterprise pattern,for the international immigrants,also changes,while international immigrants seek entrepreneurship chances through across borders and shuttling from one country to another,instead of settling in only one placeSecond,international immigrants,translational social space is caused by its social structure.Firstly,family is not only the basic unit to make migration decision by international migrants,but also is the foothold of immigrant decision.So under the function of family links,international migrants do not mean to forsake the sending country,instead that they still keep close connection of sending region after immigration.Secondly,as for background of modern technical revolution,the development of advanced information and communication technology and the advent of convenient modern commuting methods obviously shorten the distance of space and emotion between the sending country and receiving country.Thirdly,low integration degree in the foreign country is also one of the important reasons leading international migrants to seek for transnational ties.Fourthly,Chinese ethnic group’s psychology and culture also contribute to the form of transnational space.Chinese ethnic group is a diasporic community,the attachment and fidelity toward motherland deeply brand into group’s consciousness.The concept of filial piety and upholding the family honor from Chinese ethnic group makes them have a stronger willing to come back.Fifthly,country’s power is a vital factor influencing the transnational space.Country usually wields authority toward oversees migrants or diasporic community by redefining boundaries of the power.Third,mobility mode of international immigration has been changed and this change has made influence.As for mobility ways,international migrants will not only settle in one place(in sending country or the receiving country),but are de-territorialization.This de-territorialization is represented in two ways:the first one is that alghough migrants move into the receiving country,they keep on concentrating on and relying on their mother country,even adopt their native lands as their eventual destination.The second is that international migrants come back to mother country and re-integrate into living of sending area regularly and orderly,and they usually shuttle between two or many countries,rather than settle into a country in a long time to being permanent migrants in receiving country.New mobility mode also influences the economy and society of sending area and the receiving country.Given the fact that previous research pays less attention on the influence of international migrants of transnational tie,this paper selects two typical cases to analyze the positive effects and negative influence by the international migrants of transnational tie respectively.In all,transnational ties of international migrants should be aroused more attentions by our government.The government should adopt more flexible and open migrant policies to promote the move of population and attract Chinese immigrants to serve their mother country,and at the same time the government should prevent the side effects from the international migrants of transnational ties.