| Shakespeare's platitudes are always new,because the classics contain universal values.The study of Shakespeare from the perspective of the body is a new proposition,which has been involved in the academic circle,but has not formed a system.Physical problems are coexisting with history,contemporary body theory is out of balance,and body practice is also criticized.Both are in trouble and are seeking breakthroughs.Shakespeare's works provide a display space for the body,and there is an aura of body awakening between the lines.When we read the works of Shakespeare carefully,we can discover the various states of the body,the various demands on body,as well as the enlightenment and reflections brought to mankind.And these should be able to play a role in disturbing the chaos of the physical issues of human nature caused by the body,lack of criticism and unsound theory.Rereading the classics to dig out the body thoughts from Shakespeare is difficult but an interesting academic topic,but it's helpful in understanding the body,revaluing the body,treating body and life,body and literature,body and art correctly,etc.And it will also play a good role as refefence in enriching body criticism and improving body theory.But at present,there is no systematic study in Shakespeare from a physical point of view,so establishing Shakespeare's body poetics is a relatively new topic.Bourdieu is one of the important theorists in contemporary social and cultural studies.His writings cover a wide range of subjects and span multiple disciplines.He has several core concepts such as field,habit,capital,illusion,strategy,and taste,etc.,used to analyze the relationship between social structure and cultural subjects,his social practice research and cultural criticism theory transcend postmodern theory,and its impact is far-reaching.His concept of social and cultural criticism creatively explains some issues that plague modern and contemporary literary creation and artistic criticism,such as the composition of the law,intertextual structure,aesthetic value,cultural institutional framework,cultural generating methods,the role of intellectuals,literary authorative framework and so on.Bourdieu's literary field is the basic place artists.Bourdieu's literary research methods are about relationship,generation and reflection.In addition,Bourdieu believes that there is a double position and a double structure in the art field: the double position means that the artist is both the ruling class and the ruled,and the double structure refers to the limited production field and the large production field.He also points out the three steps of scientific analysis of literary and artistic works: the relationship between the literary field and the power field,the relationship between the individual field and the institutional field,and the habits of the literary individual.Based on Bourdieu's theory of cultural criticism,the project will study Shakespeare's body poetics,not only to explore a way for the body problem,but also to enrich the research of Shakespeare,so as to make the past serve the present and the foreign serve the Chinese.The content of the research includes: 1.The physical body of Shakespeare.Shakespeare inherited the ancient European symbolic capital of cosmology and applied it to his creation.The humoral theory or the four-humor theory derived from cosmology,explained the material composition of the body in Shakespeare's works.In this chapter,the characters in Shakespeare's works are classified and sorted according to four body fluids: the sanguine type,the phlegmatic type,the choleric type,and the melancholy type,a rough analysis of their common physical characteristics,susceptible diseases,personality,psychology,and occupation will be done.2.The political body of Shakespeare.This chapter uses the image of the “political body” in traditional cultural capital and its metaphors to discuss Shakespeare's political attitudes,which specifically lists three types of political bodies for analysis: the Roman Republic,the Christian city-state system,and the British national integration.In these political bodies,both the ruler and the people are faced with how to deal with the relationship between parts and parts,and parts and the whole in the political body,how to deal with these problems is the key to build a harmonious politics.In particular,it emphasizes how the rulers constructed the “king's two bodies” and achieved the final victory during the formation of the British national political body.3.The moral body of Shakespeare.This chapter uses concepts such as “field” and “habit” to analyze how the body conflicts,coexists,and enhances with the self,the other,and the society from perspectives of body with emotion,desire,power,and honor,etc.In particular,it emphasizes the positive effects of love,friendship,chastity,as well as the negative effects of lust,hatred,irrational power desire,and unreasonable outlook on honor,and points out which moral principles should be promoted and which actions should be abandoned;4.The religious body of Shakespeare.With the concept “power” in religious fields and personal “habits” and practice,it analyzes that the body and kindness,forgiveness,fraternity and confession are the positive forces of the human body;it aslo analyzes the ugly body,which consists of body with external beauty and internal ugliness,the body of external ugliness and internal beauty,and the body of external evil and internal evil,as well as the dialectical body of mutual transformation of beauty and ugliness.“The life and death of the body”part discusses the spiritual value and transcendental significance of the body as a sacrifice,in a carnival and the method of the body's rebirth,so as to understand the essence of human nature and the direction of efforts of the body.5.The artistic body of Shakespeare.This chapter uses cultural generation theory to analyze how Shakespeare used his body to shape the character,to promote the development of the plot,and reflect the inner world in his literary practice.Shakespeare used these techniques to exemplify the beauty of the body: the body of a woman shines,the body of a man is self-evident,and the human body also achieves literary classics through the artistic methods of limited production and mass production.These classics will become a cultural symbolic capital,bringing many benefits to future generations.Through the study of Shakespeare's body poetics,the meaning of body culture in Shakespeare's works is excavated,which helps to enrich the research content of Shakespeare.It is also hoped that this research could promote the construction of a pluralistic body theory of body and mind,and infiltrate this theory into body practice,guiding people to establish a correct,healthy and upward body view,enriching current body poetics criticism,and used to guide literary practice and artistic creation related to the body. |
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