A Cognitive Study On The Preposition на Spatial Relation Construction

In nature,people recognize the spatial relationship between objects in the objective world through their own experience and perception.Due to regional differences,the experience and perception of the objective world by different ethnic groups are not the same,but no matter which ethnic group’s language is concerned,spatial prepositions are one of the main means of expressing the same or similar spatial relationships in the objective world.However,in the characterization of spatial relationships,spatial prepositions must be combined with nouns,verbs,etc.to form the spatial relationship structure of prepositions in order to give a linguistic representation of the relative spatial relationship between things.Retroactively from previous research,we have considered the grammatical rules of the spatial relationship structure of prepositions from the level of language structure,and paid more attention to the collocation of spatial prepositions and other parts of speech in the structure,or regarded the structure as a type of spatial relationship structure.Rarely from the cognitive psychological level,verbs + spatial prepositions and nouns are considered together as a whole cognition,which is what triggered the author’s thinking.Based on the overall view of cognitive structural grammar and the view of schematics,this paper analyzes the preposition “на” in the constructions including verbs and nouns.Focus on the overall cognitive effect of the structure of the preposition “на”,emphasizing that the meaning of the structure is not the simple addition of the various components,but the problem of 1+1﹥2.Based on the study of constructions,it also focuses on the study of prepositions,verbs,and nouns in constructions.This article notes that prepositions are the main presenters of spatial relationship representations.The semantic structure of verbs determines the composition of spatial relationship structures.The semantic characteristics and cognitive characteristics of nouns affect the types of participation of prepositions and verbs.On the other hand,the pattern view negation rule analysis method advocates focusing on the overall aspect of the description of the pattern characteristics of the structure.At its root,the pattern is the simulation and characterization of the image pattern.The main parameters are the emitter(траектор,abbreviation TR),the landmark(ориентир,abbreviation LM)and the path(траектория).Once we combine the image pattern with the ejector,landmark,and path,we can more deeply and effectively improve the interpretation of the structure of the spatial relationship between prepositions from the cognitive and psychological level.By discussing the reasons for the topic selection,explaining the research objectives,demonstrating the significance of the research,and focusing on the research perspective,the research in this paper is generally divided into three modules: basic research,case analysis,and empirical research.Basic research includes literature review,conceptual definition and theoretical basis.The literature review mainly expounds the research results of Chinese and foreign academic circles on spatial relational constructions and spatial relational constructions of prepositions.On the basis of drawing on the research results of predecessors,it points out the research limitations and research trends of the spatial relational constructions of prepositions,and explains the value of this paper’s research.Conceptual definition focuses on exploring the essence of spatial relationship,spatial relationship structure,and preposition “на” spatial relationship structure,distinguishing the inheritance relationship between the three,and then clarifying the connotation of the research object of this paper,laying the foundation for the follow-up research of standardized papers;under the leadership of cognitive linguistics,the top-down holistic view and schematic view of cognitive structure grammar are used as the overall theoretical basis for this research.The case analysis builds a linguistic factual basis on the premise of basic research.The spatial relationship structure of the preposition “на” is divided into static and dynamic,which are expressed as its spatial orientation relationship structure and spatial displacement relationship structure.The former is the sixth form of the preposition “на”,and the latter is the fourth form of the preposition “на”.Usage.Refine and portray the archetypal image schemas of the two constructs,summarize the basic properties of the two image schemas accordingly,integrate them into the perceptual experience of the cognitive subject,and concretize the semantic types of the two spatial relationship representation methods,aiming to find the rationale for the semantic construction of the spatial relationship structure.The concepts contained in the spatial relationship structure are often mapped to non-spatial domains in use,and abstract meanings such as time and emotion are derived from this.The preposition “на” spatial metaphorical structure also goes through the derivation path of the transition from spatial meaning to metaphorical meaning.Empirical research adopts questionnaire survey method to analyze the current situation of cognitive strategies adopted by Russian learners in the process of learning and using the spatial relationship structure of prepositions,reflect on the teaching process and methods through the reflected problems,and put forward targeted teaching suggestions from teaching concepts,teaching methods,and teaching implementation based on practical research conclusions,and strive to provide a useful reference for the study of the spatial relationship structure of prepositions from both theoretical and practical aspects.