| Perception-motion synchronization is the coordination of individual action and external environment,and it is an important ability to affect people's action behavior.Rhythm is an important part of music and dance,also an important factor for people to complete basic movements(such as walking).Therefore,the ability of rhythm perception is an important guarantee of action coordination and an important cognitive ability to complete the action,which optimize the performance of motor skills.Previous studies have found that dance experience can promote sensorimotor synchronous performance,but there are few studies in the field of competitive sports and mass fitness.Previous literature has not systematically discussed the multi-modal rhythm perception and dynamic processing process of dance gymnasts,and the advantages of dance experience in the process of rhythm perception and its neural mechanism are not clear.The explanation of how dance experience advantage promoting the synchronous process of rhythm perception is an important way to explore the interaction between perception and movement system,and to promote individual action collaborative processing by special experience.Based on previous studies,this study compared the perception-motor synchronization ability between dance gymnasts and control group,and investigated the influence of dance experience on rhythm perception and neural activity characteristics.The study 1 explored the influence of rhythm type and dance experience on sensorimotor synchronization.In Experiment 1,by manipulating the rhythm frequency and the rhythm stimulation type,using the finger-tapping paradigm,we investigated the sensory movement of dance gymnasts(dance group)and inexperienced(control group)under three types of rhythm stimulation: visual(blue flashing dot),auditory(pure tone)and audio-visual(blue flashing dot + pure tone),and 11 rhythm frequencies range from200 ms to 1200 ms.Study 2,we further studied the advantages of sensorimotor synchronization of dancers,and selected two turning frequency points(400ms and800ms)in study 1,and used frequency domain analysis and event-related potential technology to explore the behavioral and brain neural activity characteristics of sensorimotor synchronization in dance and control group under auditory(Experiment2a),visual(Experiment 2b)and audiovisual(Experiment 2c)rhythm.In Study 3,the preferred interval(500ms)was added,and we divided the acquisition process of rhythm perception into three stages: encoding,memorizing and reproducing.All participants were required to simultaneously acquire and reproduce the auditory(Experiment 3a),visual(Experiment 3b)and audio-visual(Experiment 3c)rhythms at three time intervals(400ms,500 ms and 800ms),and the behavioral and neural oscillation characteristics of perception-motor synchronization of the three stages was recorded and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)in Experiment 1,the performance of sensorimotor synchrony of dance group was significantly better than that of control group,and the performance of dance group was better in a wide range of rhythm frequency.Under different sensory channels,the asynchrony of auditory rhythm stimulation in dance group was significantly less than that in control group;(2)in Experiment 2a,sensorimotor synchronization of dance group was significantly better than that of control group,the performance and stability of synchronization at 400 ms were significantly better than 800 ms,but the power of neural oscillation(delta,theta,high beta)and N1 and P2 components induced by rhythmic stimulation were significantly greater than 400 ms.The power of delta and high beta of 800 ms in dance group were significantly higher than those in controls;(3)in Experiment 2b,the performance of visual rhythm synchronization in dance group was significantly better than that in controls,the accuracy and stability of 400 ms synchronization were better than that of800 ms,but the power of delta,theta and alpha and attention components(N1 amplitude)of 800 ms were significantly greater than that of 400 ms,and the latency was significantly slower than that of 400 ms;(4)in Experiment 2c,although the dance group had no significant behavioral advantage in the task of audio-visual rhythm sensorimotor synchronization,the average asynchrony was smaller,and the delta power was larger.The performance of 400 ms rhythm synchronization was significantly better than 800 ms rhythm synchronization,the detection speed of attention was faster,and less resources were used;(5)In Experiment 3a,the accuracy of rhythm reproduction of dancers was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the synchronization of neural oscillation and external auditory rhythm oscillation was more significant in the rhythm encoding stage;even if the auditory rhythm disappeared,the power of dance neural oscillation was greater in the memory stage,and it was also detected in the reproduce stage.At the same time,the accuracy of 800 ms rhythm repetition was the highest,but the stability was the worst,and the cerebral neural oscillation was the largest;(6)in Experiment 3b,the resonance between neural activity and external stimuli was more significant in dance group,and early attention resource(N1)was significantly higher than that in control group;(7)in Experiment 3c,the dance group had a better performance on rhythm in the three different time intervals,the longer the rhythm time interval,the stronger the neural activity energy and the more attention resources were used.Conclusion:(1)dance experience can improve the performance of sensorimotor synchronization;(2)the advantage of rhythm perception-motor synchronization is mainly reflected in the enhancement of synchronization of neural oscillation power and external rhythmic stimulation frequency,and the allocation of attention resources is economized;(3)time interval is another main factor affecting rhythm perception-motor synchronization,and there are differences in the cognitive process of the same rhythm time;(4)rhythm perception-motor synchronization is related to stimulus sensory mode,and auditory mode plays a dominant role in rhythm perception. |
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