Japanese Translation Of Mao Zedong’s Works And The Dissemination In Japan(1949-1978)

Under the leadership of Mao Zedong,one of the most influential figures in the 20th century,Chinese people has completely changed their own destiny and China has taken on a new look.Armed with Mao Zedong Thought,which influences the world a lot,China stands proudly among the nations in the world.Mao Zedong’s works,the carrier of Mao Zedong thought,have aroused widespread concern at home and abroad since their birth.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau and the Foreign Languages Bureau have translated and published Mao Zedong’s works in various languages,making important contributions to the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought.Japan is the country who has seen the largest amount of translated Mao Zedong’s works in the world and therefore the translation activities deserve great attention.Translators from China and Japan have translated a large number of Mao Zedong’s works and,in doing so,introduced Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese revolution and socialist construction to the Japanese people.In the complex historical background,the translation of Mao Zedong’s works successfully achieved the purpose of dissemination,having a great impact on Japanese society.The period from 1949 to 1978 was "the heyday of Mao Zedong’s works publishing and the period when his works were widely disseminated".Focusing on this period is more conducive to understanding the translation and dissemination of Mao Zedong’s works.Therefore,based on the translation theory of the Cultural School and combining the theory of the language School and the theory of communication,this study investigates the Japanese translation of Mao Zedong’s works and their dissemination in Japan from the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the communist party of China in 1978.This study collates,summarizes and quantifies the Japanese translations of Mao Zedong’s works from 1949 to 1978,and analyzes their characteristics in relation to the social and historical context.Then,based on the actual translation of selected works of Mao Zedong in Japan,this study first investigates the patronage and concludes that there is a Chinese-dominated patronage system in the translation activities between China and Japan.The patronage system streamlines the translation activities from the aspects of translation and publication plan,translation material selection,translation standards,translator selection,and audience setting through policies(plans),standardizes the translation behavior in its process,and influences the overseas translation through the foreign patron.The formation of synergy between the patronage and the ideology has a positive effect on the translation and communication activities.What’s more,this study conducted a systematic investigation on the Chinese and Japanese translators who participated in the Japanese translation of Mao Zedong’s works,so as to make the Chinese translators who had been in the "stealth" state "manifest",and believed that the "stealth" and "manifest" of the translators were related to the political and social background,as well as the multiple identities of the translators.At the same time,from the perspective of intersubjectivity,this study discusses the translator’s subjectivity,and through the analysis of the relations between the subjects in translation activities,it clarifies the relation between the individuals and the society in the translation activities of the Japanese translators of Mao Zedong’s works.Accordingly,this study moves from macro research to micro research,makes a diachronic analysis of the generation of the translation of selected works of Mao Zedong,a model of collective translation,and clarifies the influence of external factors on the production of each translation.It also makes a diachronic and synchronic investigation into the translation strategies of a single work and the retranslation of the representative work on contradiction,pays attention to the influence of the retranslation competition mechanism on the translation,and analyzes the translation strategies of allusion in Mao Zedong’s works through examples.Finally,this study,combined with the theory of communication,investigates the dissemination and reception of the Japanese translation of Mao Zedong’s works in Japan,and holds that the success of the dissemination of the translation is influenced by the charm of the original text,the quality of the translation,the positive role of the " patronage " system,the active participation of the audience,and the diversified communication channels brought by the diversified communicators.This study uses the first-hand data and combines with the field investigation to objectively present for the first time the overall picture of the Japanese translation of Mao Zedong’s works in the 30 years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the spread of the translation in Japan.In addition,this study makes a comprehensive investigation of Japanese translation activities and translations from both inside and outside the text,and reveals the characteristics of Japanese translation and Japanese dissemination of Mao Zedong’s works.The large number of Japanese translations of Mao Zedong’s works and their effective and widespread dissemination in Japan were done against a complex social and historical background.This study summarizes its characteristics and experience,expecting to offer some guidance to the translation and dissemination of CPC literature,shed some light on the "going out" strategy of Chinese theory and Chinese culture,and provide references for the follow-up studies on the translation of works of party and state leaders and the translation history of CPC literature,so as to serve International communication from the theoretical and practical aspects.