Research On The Symbiotic Order Of The Inner Vitality Of Human Diversity And Social Governance

Panjiang river basin covers the areas of Nanpanjiang River,Beipanjiang River and Hongshui River joined by such two rivers,as well as the areas of their tributaries.Being connected with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through Hengduan Mountains and the southeast hills through Guangxi basin,it is generally located in the slope zone between Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the low mountains and hills of southeast area of China.In this region,plateaus,basins and hills are arranged orderly in the crisscross distribution of mountains and rivers.At the same time,the atmospheric humidity is very high since the main part of the region faces the ocean,resulting in a high level of biodiversity within the area.Coupled with the role of diverse biological characteristics,the original cultures of all peoples when integrated between the main residents of Miao,Buyi,Han people and the indigenous resident of Gelao people as well as other people,not only promoted the birth of new cultural forms to provide cultural diversity resources for multi-ethnic symbiotic tradition,but also combined human diversity with ecological diversity to create the inner viability of social culture in Panjiang River Basin.Emperors from the Qin Dynasty have governed the region either indirectly or directly.The Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited the legacy of the previous dynasties.And the comprehensive implementation of the systems of Tusi(chieftains),Weisuo(Border defenses),prefecture and county aiming at strengthening the centralization and unification lay a governance order framework for the Kuomintang regime and New China.Researchers engaged in The History of Social Development and the“Single-Track E volution Theory" believe that these top-down systems are the main forms of the governance of the dynasties and the only driving force for the development and progress of the Panjiang River Basin.Based on historical documents and field work,this research holds that the above narration of social development history is unreliable.On the one hand,it ignores the subjective initiative of the multi-ethnic symbiotic tradition of the local residents and the internal vitality of social culture;on the other hand,there is a suspicion of dichotomy between border areas and dynasties from the perspective of struggle philosophy.James C.Scott,an American political anthropologist,adopted the paradigm of looking at the center from the frontier,and successively introduced such innovative concepts as "the weapon of the weak" and"Zomia" to highlight the subjective cultural initiative of the people's at mountains in Southeast Asian,so as to make up for the shortcomings of social development history.But he also ignored the compatible symbiosis mechanism between the national tradition and the local small tradition since he unilaterally emphasized the conflict and struggle philosophy between the mountain people and dynasty states in the river valley plain.In fact,besides the negative aspect of conflict and struggle,there is a positive aspect of building a symbiotic order in communication and trading games.Under the premise of having an overall understanding of the cultural history and social evolution mechanism of the Panjiang River Basin,This research,from the perspective of phenomenological life world,combined with historical literature and field work,investigates the social and cultural life practice of various ethnic groups in Panjiang River Basin since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.On the one hand,it highlights the subjective initiative of the multi-ethnic symbiosis tradition of local residents and the internal vitality of social culture;on the other hand,by transcending perspectives of struggle philosophy and oppositional dichotomy,it realizes the pluralistic and integrated symbiotic order of social governance through the manner of open game and fair inheritance under the premise of highlighting diverse subjects.In short,the main purpose of this research is to explore,understand and maintain the systematic forms of cultural and ecological diversity and on such basis,to establish sustainable mechanism.To this end,this research further puts forward three innovative perspectives.First,the Panjiang river basin is one of the epitomes of many types of mountainous regions in Southwest China.Relying on the ecological home of mountain cultures and traditional resources,the local residents establish an interactive and reciprocal exchange model with each other,and provide shelter for outsiders in times of crisis,thereby generating a diversified ethnic cultural symbiosis mechanism;Second,since the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Central Plains dynasty deepened its rule over the region by developing the mountain areas in the southwest.This has brought new impetus for development.The over exploitation of livelihood resources,however,affects the local sustainable development.Faced with new environmental problems,the residents in the mountain regions played the role of cultural diversity and social integration,actively engaged in a tenacious game with dynasty state officials and their agents.In fact it demonstrates the demand for rights protection of the mountain people who hope to reach a new order with the dynasty stateThird,in response to the demands of the mountain residents,the dynasty/state introduced a new system through rational negotiation between the agents of the two parties,forming a new governance orders that "Comply with the religious beliefs of local residents and do not change their customs;and make the local residents politically consistent with the central dynasty,but do not change the political system that suits their ethnic traditions" It is inevitable that there will be an governance mechanism of "suppression of the dynasty on the resistance of the local residents and remedial aftermath" only because of the ban on the situations or the agents of both parties harming the interests of the public to make private profits,and even in the system upgrading of ruling forms of the dynasties over the local residents from Jimi system,Tusi system,system of Gaituguiliu,to system of Gaiweishexian.However,researchers will see with hindsight that the dynasty's pursuit of developing new frontiers to expand political and economic interests must always take account of the resident's autonomy demands for protecting the ecological homeland,living environment,communities and livelihood resources,so as to achieve long-term stability based on mutual benefits.There are obviously two characteristics through the history during the long-term game between the local residents and dynasties/states in Panjiang River Basin.Theoretically,there is neither a complete philosophy of struggle nor a complete passive obedience during the interaction between the local residents in Panjiang River Basin and the Central Plains Dynasty/state in history.More specifically,it is a game of "self-sticking of the residents between obedience to the dynasties" between James C.Scott's "escape from Georgia",Michael A.szonyi's "be actively under domination" and"confrontation in native land" by O.lattimore.It provides a new type of sample for all circles to think about the relationship between the people in under-developed area and the dynasty state.In practice,in response to the game demands of the people in border areas based on the fair inheritance of the diversity of cultural and ecological homeland rights,modern states may draw on the successful experience of mutual benefit in Panjiang River Basin,and strive to build resonance between the development of the ethnic community in border areas and the state governance order,building a strong sense of mutual tolerance between the Chinese nation's community relations and subject initiativeThis research aims to explore the rich connotation and mechanism structure of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation based on the investigation of long-term historical experience of the game process between the Panjiang River Basin and the dynasty state.And then,it reveal the rich cultural resources for China to build a strong sense of modern national community to provide universal value one for the construction of one belt,one road project.Finally,it may boost China's participation in the construction of global governance order.What needs to be mentioned is there may be defects and loopholes in this research for various limits,and criticism will be sincerely begged form experts of all circles.