China And The World In The New Tianxia Era

This paper takes Liaoping’s thought of classics,especially his theory of "big unification and small unity" as the research object.The theory of "big unified small unity" is proposed by Liaoping during the period of the third change in his classics and studies,and has made theoretical improvement in the fourth change and the fifth change.The stereotype was basically in his fifth change.Our research focuses on his"grand unification" during the fourth and fifth changes.The study of his theory of unification tries to solve two main themes:first,the improved classics in Liaoping’s theory of unification are different from Zhengxuan and Zhuxi,the main form of classics in Han and Song Dynasties;the second is the significance of dealing with the era and practicability of Liaoping’s theory.Our topic also clearly reveals these two themes,"China and the world in the era of the world in the great unity" is the second theme,while "Liaoping’s study of classics" refers to the first theme.As a scholar and thinker,Liaoping plays a very important role in the history of Chinese classics and in the history of Chinese thought.This paper focuses on the analysis of his thoughts and values in several aspects.First,the author draws his "general system" theory from Liaoping’s works,and points out that this system theory has the meaning of "constitutional system".Although Liao Ping did not use the word,he compared the nature of classics to western legal and political science,which revealed his confirmation of the nature of the code of classics.Liaoping’s explanation of the constitutional system is very extensive.It can be divided into three levels:central and local governments,central official system and international system.As far as the relationship between the central government and local governments is concerned,Liao Ping has been talking about the"Ji Di" in the world system,With the successive expansion of the territory of Wang Tong,Di Tong and Huang Tong,the scope of the control of the Ji Di gradually expanded,from the original "Wang Ji" to "Di Ji" in 3000 Li and "Huang Ji" in 6000 Li.The management mode in the Ji Di was not a loose feudal system,but more like the Qin Dynasty Later,the general centralized county system was established.Although Huang,Di,Wang and Bo were mainly composed of the system system of Jingxue,the system of Jingxue would be presented in history because of the principle that "classics are books of hundred generations" which Liaoping abided by.Therefore,from the county system implemented in the whole country after the unification of Qin Dynasty,it was actually the implementation of the system of Ji Di,and the system of counties and counties in China was implemented from Qin to Qing Dynasty The enclosure is expanding continuously,which corresponds to the transformation of the capital from Wang Ji to Huang Ji.Especially in the late Qing Dynasty,By dividing the northeast into provinces and building Xinjiang into provinces,the central government began to strengthen and improve the management methods in the border areas,and established the system of border counties,,which was actually inherited in the later Republic era.The cause accomplished in the territory and management system of Qing Dynasty in Liaoping scriptures actually implied that China was the "Huang Ji" position in the era of "unification" in the future.Meanwhile,Liaoping also provides a long-term explanation for the implementation of the system in history and China.In the past history of Confucian thought,there is a long-term contradiction between the feudal system and the county system,which also makes the Chinese history influenced by the classics often appear the theoretical appeal and practical action of feudalism.Liaoping’s study of classics has tried to reconcile and solve this contradiction.In the era of the rainy days,Liaoping still firmly believed in the value standard of Chinese culture represented by Jingxue and the governance value of Chinese system.In the system construction of international order,the Confucian school still has its rich wisdom.In fact,the East Asian Order formed with China as the center is a realization of "small unification",and "small unity" is the secondary realization of "universalism",and is the "model" of "universalism".The transition of the world into the "general unification" stage means the arrival of the new world era,that is,the whole world is gradually involved in a more closely related and more fierce relationship system.The initial stage of such a relationship system must be all walks of life,but this kind of will of power,which is based on their own interests,is competing for the power will to occupy the living resources and spiritual resources Popularity will eventually lead to a higher level of integration.Of course,the integration process is not smooth and one-off.It is the first of all the emergence of several regional organizations,that is,the emergence of "Di" system as Liao Ping said.Each unity under the "Di" system is not only an economic integration organization,but also a regional governance organization with a well ordered political order,and a certain degree of consensus on civilization.Because of the existence of "Di Ji" under each emperor,the "Di Ji" is the core area of morality and civilization in that area.However,the existence of multiple emperors also indicates that this is a multi-core "world".Liaoping’s discussion is based on the theory of "Nine Di" and "four emperors”.From "Nine Din to "Four Di",it is the further refinement and simplification of the development of the diversified world,which is also the result of the further integration of culture,economy and society.But the emergence of the theory of "Five Di" has changed the world pattern.The pattern of "Five Di" is a pattern of one central and four directions.The appearance of this pattern indicates that although the world is still a multi-dimensional world,the unity of universal and integrated ideology and the political and economic comprehensive entity at the realistic level have appeared,and the trend of non coming unification is inevitable.So there will be "Huang Tong" in the end."Huang Tong" is the ultimate realization of the universalism of human studies,and it is not changed any more,but there is still a "three unity" cycle of subject and guest displacement,and finally reaches the situation of the Tai.Third,Liao Ping narrates the classical changes from the central government system:from the three metric system of the Wang Tong to the five official system of the Di Tong,and finally to the six official systems of the Huang Tong,the core classics are the king system and the Zhou Li.Liaoping made a great change in the order of the text of the king system,and wrote the issue of the king’s work out book.The guiding thinking is to highlight the official and political thinking in the king system.Through the description of the official system of the king system,he shows the characteristics of Chinese Political Philosophy,such as education first,education as a political swan,people-oriented politics,prudent politics,etc.Liao Ping set the three gongs of the king system as the king system,and the five official system of Zhou Li as the Di system.The change from three gongs to the five officials reflects the change from Wang Tong to Di Tong,that is,the world changed from the five thousand li of spring and autumn to 30000 Li of Shangshu,while the Chinese changed from "China" in the spring and Autumn period to many "China" in the era of"unification" One member.China’s changes in it are widely described as the nation-state which belongs to the equality of forms under the international law system from the upper kingdom of the heaven.In fact,although the countries under international law have equal forms,they are naturally divided into strong and weak ones based on the comprehensive strength of economy,military and culture.The international mutual status of "barbarians" is inevitable,especially when the late Qing Dynasty just contacted the West.Therefore,Liaoping’s reform in the economic and academic system has its realistic and political clear purpose,namely,to optimize the governance system and governance capacity of the state.Through the transformation of the function system of the emperor and the three public officials,the decision-making and administrative system centered on the five officials of the emperor and the three public officials is constructed,highlighting the public nature of the regime,and emphasizing the sense of regularity embodied behind it.It is not only a unified and efficient leadership system,but also a value orientation that needs to be considered comprehensively the overall interests of the state,and also the legal consciousness of the system operation Responsibility consciousness.The division of his specific responsibilities to the Zhongzai,Situ,Zongbo,Sima and Sikou is to reflect Liaoping’s emphasis on economy and the importance of national industrial development.In the end,the change of the emperor’s family was the change of the Di Tong and Wang Tong.He emphasized that the advanced nature was prior to the universal education,and tried to cultivate the political association and the pursuit of shared values.This is the key to the optimization of the national governance capacity.Fourth,Liaoping has always been regarded as a Jin Wen scholar.However,his views on classics and the direction of interpretation of classics have eliminated the historical features shared by the Jinwen and Guwen classics,and also opposed to the inward interpretation direction represented by Zhu Xi.It can be said that the Confucian system of Liaoping is also guided by solving the problems of the present and the ancient,but it adopts the solution different from the original interpretation method The method of classics and the thought system also contain the problem of Songxue.So it can be said that Liaoping’s thought system of classics is a comprehensive system of classics which integrates Jinwen and Guwen and contains Songxue.In the academic surge of modern times,ancient and modern China and the west,this system of classics is outstanding in summarizing the history of classics,recognizing the history of China and responding to the current situation.Fifthly,Liaoping has a profound influence on the development of modern classics.Modern Jinwen and Guwen share a historical premise that they no longer establish the authority of the system of three generations of the king like their predecessors.The ancient teachers of the three generations of the holy King period are mixed with historical rationality and belief elements,and modern scholars generally have no belief consciousness of the three generations,and the three generations of ideal belief are not in the original Originally,it is the basis of classics,and the disappearance of this foundation requires the filling of another foundation.Liaoping provided a Confucian explanation for the establishment of this foundation.He first made six classics through Confucius,and the vast history of ancient times defeated his ideal understanding of the three generations,and then established the basis of modern literature by Su Wang legislation.Ancient literature or on the basis of his classification of classics,he firmly adhered to the original ancient literature’s belief in the three generations,such as Liu Yizheng Tang Wenzhi.However,they believed in the current three generations The ancient literati of the generation can break away the absolute belief of the three generations’ system and confirm the applicability of the system after Qin and Han Dynasties from historical experience.This is also based on Liaoping’s explanation of the three dynasties’ classics.In this sense,Liaoping’s Classics opened up the starting point of different paths of modern Confucian system.In short,Liao Ping’s Classics belong to the "new world era".He uses the resources of classics and combines the experience of the times to define the times and redefines the classics.His re discussion of the world integrated his knowledge of classics and his perception of the times.He thought that modern times was a new era of the world——the era of Di Tong.This judgment still applies.Under the background of this era,he fully explained the views of Jingxue in the central and local relations,central government system and international system at the institutional level,and different from the academic interpretation of Han and Song dynasties in terms of the interpretation of classics The direction of interpretation has influenced the development of modern classics.