History Of Study On Xunzi In Ming,Qing Dynasty And Republic Of China

The history of study on Xunzi is about the development and evolution of study on Xunzi in history.In the society dominated by Neo-Confucianism,Xunzi's position in Confucianism could not be recognized for a long time,and his scholarship was neglected and shelved.Since the late Ming Dynasty,enlightenment thoughts and new trends of thought had sprung up one after another,especially in the tide of puxue(??)in the mid-Qing Dynasty and western learning in the late Qing Dynasty,Xunzi's scholarship got a lot of attention.Since modern times,the research on Xunzi has really become a subject concerned by scholars.Study on Xunzi has gradually completed the transformation to modern learning in terms of academic paradigm and academic theory.The study on Xunzi in the Ming Dynasty showed the characteristics of criticism and acceptance.Politically,Xunzi's scholarship had an influence on the ruling mode of social "ceremonial law" and the idea of putting it into practice,but Xunzi's political status experienced a change from "offering sacrifices" to "striking sacrifices".In the early Ming Dynasty,the social trend of thought was shrouded in Cheng and Zhu's NeoConfucianism,and most of the ideologists accepted Zhu Xi's theory and denied Xunzi's position in the orthodox Confucianism from the standpoint of orthodox Confucianism.Song Lian and Fang Xiaoru were biased against Xunzi's academic status because Xunzi did not understand the “Tao”.Xue Xuan and Hu Juren criticized Xunzi from the perspective of "natural evil".Feng Congwu,Yu Shenxing and Shen Maoxiao had different views on Xunzi's criticism of the twelve scholars.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the ideological circle gradually began to accept Xunzi.The thoughts of progressive thinkers such as Wang Tingxiang and Lv Kun showed the rational road of Xunzi.Li Zhi and Zhou Rudeng more clearly respected Xunzi and became the forerunner of "respecting Xunzi".In addition,a large number of texts of Xunzi were published and commented on during this period,but most of the comments of the Ming Dynasty were from a literary point of view,with low ideological value and mixed with the fake works of many booksellers,resulting in uneven quality.The study on Xunzi in the middle and early Qing Dynasty was the peak of textual research and thought.Under the influence of the ideological trend of putting the world into practice,Fu Shan probes into the textual research and thought of Xunzi with the concept of"the classics and scholars are equal".Wang Jin's exertion of Xunzi's political propositions also embodies the characteristics of being practical in the world.Under the influence of Neo-Confucianism,Fei Mi and Xiong Cilv made different comments on the relationship between Xunzi and Taoism.Bai Yinqian,Zhang Boxing,Li Guangdi and others criticized Xunzi with"natural evil",while Huang Zhijuan and Ren Qiyun interpreted"natural evil"from different perspectives.Wei Yijie and Lu Xijin opposed Xunzi's idea of"separation of heaven and man"from the perspective of traditional NeoConfucianism,while Dai Diansi affirmed the value of Xunzi's thought of heaven and man.Under the influence of orthodox thinking,Wang Maohong and Fang Bao sorted out and deleted the text of Xunzi.Liu Hong'ao and Liu Kai evaluated the value of Xunzi and his studies from different standpoints.The publication of the official revision of Sikuquanshu(??????)made a qualitative analysis of Xunzi from an official point of view,reflecting the academic characteristics dominated by Sinology in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.The most remarkable achievement of study on Xunzi in Qing Dynasty lies in the prosperity of textual research on Xunzi.The textual research of Lu Wenchao,Xie Yong,Wang Niansun,Liu Taigong,Hao Yixing,Wang Zhong and Jiang Yougao had their own characteristics,while Hui Dong,Dai Zhen,Ling Tingkan,Qian Daxin and Jiao Xun also further developed Xunzi's theory from an ideological point of view.The period from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China was a period of interweaving of tradition and western learning.Classical learning entered the summary stage,and the textual research of the late Qing Dynasty continued the reasoning of the middle Qing Dynasty.Yu Yue,Sun Yirang,Yu Chang and others made a more detailed textual research on the text of Xunzi.On the basis of his predecessors,Wang Xianqian wrote Xunzi Jijie(??????)which became a comprehensive work in the study on Xunzi in the Qing Dynasty.At the time of social transformation in the late Qing Dynasty,the reformers Kang Youwei believed that Xunzi inherited the theory of well-off society.Xia Zengyou,Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao set off a"Rejecting Xunzi"movement from a political standpoint.In contrast,scholars of"quintessence school"such as Zhang Taiyan and Liu Shipei found a social way out from the traditional culture,attached importance to Xunzi's thought and advocated respect for Xunzi.The study on Xunzi of Liang Qichao,Zhang Taiyan and Liu Shipei all reflected the characteristics of the combination of traditional and western learning.The western learning paradigm of Xunzi study began from then on.The study on Xunzi in the middle and later period of the Republic of China showed the coexistence of returning to the original and opening up the new.Under the influence of "doubting ancient thoughts",the textual research of Yang Shuda,Gao Heng,Zhong Tai,Yu Xingwu,Liang Qixiong,Zhang Xitang and other scholars on Xunzi continued the textual research of Qing Confucianism and showed new characteristics of the times.The elements of the new era,such as unearthed documents,vernacular,and discrimination of falsehood,were all reflected in their textual research on Xunzi.During this period,the study and reference of western learning entered a new stage,and the scholars represented by Hu Shi created a rational way for the discipline of the history of Chinese philosophy.Chen Dengyuan,Tao Shicheng,Liu Zijing and other scholars constructed the system of Xunzi's philosophy with reference to the paradigm of Western learning.Wang Enyang and Yu Jiaju discussed Xunzi's philosophy of experience and education.Under the influence of the academic trend of social history and ideological history,Lv Simian and Yang Yunru analyzed Xunzi's political thought from the perspective of sociology.From a standpoint of understanding the fundamental problems and solving practical problems,Qian Mu discussed Xunzi's criticism of scholars and the significance of Xunzi in academic history,which opened a new stage in the study on Xunzi.