Dilemmas And Strategies

With the establishment of modern Malaya in 1957,Malaysian Chinese writers’ identities had been changed from Chinese emigrants to Malasian citizens.This change made Malasian Chinese Literature a pradox: from the perspective of literary origin and inheritance,Malasian Chinese Literature was deeply inspired and influenced by May-4th New Literature Revolution,which means Malasian Chinese Literature should be regarded as a branch of Chinese Literature;However,from the perspective of constitution and requirements of modern Malaya,it was also reasonable for Malaysian Chinese Literature to be incorporated into the territory of Malaysian Literature.Therefore,under these different standards of literary traditions and politics,Malaysian Chinese Literature was becoming more paradoxical and ambiguous than ever.Moreover,in order to create Nationalism,Malaysian official ideology excluded Non-Malay culture from the National Cultural System,that’s make Malasian Chinese Literature get restricted and dominated.At this point,both Malaysian Chinese writers and Malaysian Chinese Literature were facing with the embarrassment of absence of nationality.Of course,when facing this embarrassment,Malaysian and Chinese writers tried to adjust their creation and use the tide of Globalization to avoid discussing nation and ethnic minority repeatedly.However,it was still difficult to define whether these creations could overcome the embarrassment or not.In a word,Malaysian Chinese Literature would still face various difficulties,which also made the Malaysian Chinese writers necessitate to revise their works and construct a kind of relatively solid literary subjectivity constantly.Therefore,this process of strategic constructions proved that the subjectivities of Malaysian Chinese Literature were destined to embark on an unfinished journey of constant constructions and continual variations.Based on these understandings and started with a dynamic perspective,this article would explore the the constructions of the subjectivities of Malaysian Chinese Literature in different dilemmas.In order to explain the problem,this article would also introduce the "Impacts-Responses" mode to ensure that it would accurately restore the idea of construction of subjectivities.In this regard,this article would expand discussion with the following three aspects:Firstly,the “Local Consciousness—Centered” subjectivity.From the very beginning,as we all know,Malaysian Chinese Literature was created under the influence of the “Chinese Literature/Culture” System,which means it could hardly get rid of the influence of this system.However,as the localization of Malaysian Chinese literature became inceasingly intense,Malaysian Chinese writers’ appealings to get out of the system was also mentioned.Therefore,when facing the influence/intervention of the “Chinese Literature/Culture” system,a kind of subjectivity that was not strongly shaped,but based on “local consciousness” and gradually found and constructed in the interaction between Malaysian Chinese literature and the “Chinese literature/culture” system was constructed by Malaysian Chinese writers.It was worth mentioning that there were limitations and shortcomings in such kind of subjectivity.Secondly,the “Resistance Consciousness — Centerd” subjectivity.Since “National-Culture” System was made by Malaysian political elites after the establishment of Malaya,the Malaysian Chinese literature had been shielded and excluded by the hegemonic discourse in a long time.In order to safeguard its own interests and cultural characteristics,Malaysian Chinese Literature had to utilize various resources and methods to resist cultural hegemony.As a result,the subjectivity of “Resistance Consciousness” was subsequently constructed by Malaysian Chinese literature.This kind of subjectivity focused on exploring the “hidden texts” of Malaysian Chinese/Malaysian Chinese literature which were different from the official discourse and provoking the authoritarianism of the “national culture” system by “performing” writing.Thirdly,the “literary community — centered” subjectivity.With the surge of globalization,the literary production was no longer limited by time and space,when knowing this truth,Malaysian Chinese writers had punctually and precisely constructed a kind of subjectivity based on “literary community imagine” as well.This subjectivity not only flexibly took the advantages of Sinophone Literature,and extensively borrowed creative capitals from the overseas Chinese literature to supplement the scarcity of resources in Malaysian Chinese literature Field,but also imagined a “literary community” with the spirit of universalism and humanism as to transcend the nativeness and get out of the predicaments of the subjectivity.After the discussion of the above three aspects,the conclusion part of this article would conclude that these three kinds of subjectivities were not individually isolated or affiliated,but connected and responded with each other.The “binary thinking” was the link connecting these subjectivies.In other word,the processes of constructions of the three subjectivities are completed and constrained under the influence and restraint of “binary thinking”,therefore,these processes with aesthetic blind spots would definitely and easily make the subjectivities essentialized and consolidated.