Study On The Liang QiChao's Thought Of The Relationship Between Group And Individual

The relationship between man and society is still one of the important issues of concern in the field of political philosophy.For China,under the impact and influence of Western culture in modern times,the traditional social relationship of Chinese society faces the need of modern transformation and transformation.As a modern ideological giant,Liang Qichao always has a rich sense of group-root relationship in his life political theory.Therefore,this paper takes the historical changes of modern social politics as the background,from the perspective of political philosophy to Liang Qichao's ideological process of interpreting,exploring and practicing the modern Chinese group problem,trying to truly restore Liang Qichao's thought of group relationship.The theoretical appearance and fully reveal its modern meaning and influence.The problem of group-self relationship is an issue of the times faced by modern Chinese political system and social-cultural transformation.It implies the concern for people's living conditions and the demands of group prosperity and development.Liang Qichao's political thoughts throughout his life have been carried out around a large number of issues concerning the relationship between the group and the self,such as “freedom”,“civil rights”,“group governance” and “community”,and gradually formed a certain ideological context and theory in the process of historical metamorphosis.system.However,from the existing research,the academic circles have less systematic research on Liang Qichao's thoughts on the relationship between the group and the self.Therefore,this thesis attempts to be problem-oriented,and Liang Qichao's ideological logic of the origin,attribution,analysis and countermeasures of the relationship between modern Chinese and the group is the basic clue of the article.Specifically,the full text is divided into six chapters.The first chapter discusses the political dynamics and social thoughts of modern China,and regards it as the theoretical background and background of the emergence of the relationship between the group and the self.Firstly,the thesis closely follows Liang Qichao's concept of the political and cultural characteristics of the modern era as a "transitional era",and examines the influence of the spread of Western political thought and traditional cultural transformation on the traditional group relationship under the "transitional era".Then pointed out three reasons for the emergence of modern Chinese group relationship: First,the enlightenment of the concept of modern free human rights promoted the transformation of individual concepts from tradition to modernity;second,the disintegration of the world view and the rise of democratic politics promoted modern times.The innovation of the concept of "groups";third,the political balance and changes in the structure of social organizations have led to a large number of modern thinkers,including Liang Qichao,reflecting on the relationship between traditional groups and themselves.The second chapter examines the source of Liang Qichao's thoughts on the relationship between the group and the self,and explains and defends the variability of his thoughts.To put it simply,Liang Qichao's thoughts on the relationship betweenthe group and the self have two sources,internal and external.Among the internal factors,Liang Qichao was initially influenced by the traditional concept of Confucianism,and later influenced by the Ming and Qing Dynasties,especially the teachers Kang Youwei and disciples in Kang's school.In terms of external factors,Liang Qichao was influenced by Eastern studies and Western modern political thoughts that were exposed through Japanese translations when he was in Japan.Judging from the characteristics of ideological development,the academic evaluation of Liang Qichao is nothing more than the word "fairness",but this article holds that Liang Qichao's thought is not "familiar" but "transmutation".There are factors in the mind,and there are also constant factors.The change of thought is not only the product of the times,but also the portrayal of the times.The third chapter focuses on Liang Qichao's analysis and interpretation of the dilemma of traditional group relationship.Liang Qichao believes that the various social malpractices under the autocratic system are the fundamental reasons for the difficulty of reconciling traditional group-owned relationships.In his view,at the beginning of the establishment of the autocratic system,the political environment of the will of power and the political ecology of the weak and the strong,and the maintenance of their own rule through "orthodox" and "prevention",thus causing the political and governance to be separated from the rule of law.The flow of people-centered doctrine is empty talk.For individuals,authoritarian systems destroy humanity and cause loss of private morality.For the relationship between the group and the self,the backlog of contradictions between the individual and the society has created a vicious historical cycle of chaos.However,due to the lack of principles such as public concepts,individuals are not able to be gregarious and even do not want to be gregarious.Under the joint action of human factors and natural factors,the group governance lag gradually deteriorates and further harms the harmony of group relationship.The fourth chapter focuses on Liang Qichao's interpretation of the "should be right" of the relationship between the group and the self.The article analyzes Liang Qichao's views from three dimensions: individual,group and group relationship.On the individual side,Liang Qichao put forward the concept of "Individualism" and the concept of freedom of group and self,and agreed that the individual should realize the organic unity of the concepts of consciousness and responsibility,autonomy and obedience.In terms of groups,Liang Qichao borrowed from the Western modern state theory,put forward the concept of the people's sovereign state,which was made by the "national accumulation of the people",and defined the normative principle of "public morality" for the "national group" life,and then proposed the legal system and public opinion mechanism.Systematic improvement.In terms of group-related relationship,Liang Qichao expounded the return of people's political subjectivity,and at the same time reconciled the freedom and rights of both parties.On this basis,Liang Qichao finally interpreted the dialectical coexistence of independence and gregarious.The fifth chapter explores Liang Qichao's practice of coordinating the relationship between the group and the self.First of all,Liang Qichao has alwaysattached importance to the education and cultivation of “Xinmin”.In terms of the cultivation of modernity,he combines the "collective" and "harvesting" methods,and not only "self-improvement" through self-reliance and self-improvement,but also "compensates" by broadening the advantages of various nationalities in the world.In terms of specific methods,Liang Qichao advocated the common progress of the people in the three aspects of morality,intelligence and power,and then the logic of gregarious is permeated among them,and the cultivation of national political ability is emphasized.Secondly,Liang Qichao carried out a modern democratic construction of the "group".He advocated learning from the Western parliamentary democratic system and gradually gradually moved toward reconciliation in the reflection of the state and the political system.In the late period of Liang Qichao,he was disappointed with the prospects of political party politics and republicanism.Therefore,he proposed a "national politics" plan and tried to implement a democratic model of indirect democracy and direct democracy complementation between the group and the country and between the people.In terms of the essence of Liang Qichao's reconciliation of the relationship between the group and the self,there are three main aspects: the first is to realize the construction of the well-ordered community through power limitation and decentralization;the second is to promote the individual and the integration of autonomy and group governance.The reconciliation of the relationship between the state,the central and the local;and the third,advocating the advancement of public morality and private morality to adjust the value bias of traditional social ethics.The sixth chapter explores the significance and enlightenment of Liang Qichao's thoughts on the relationship between the group and the self.In general,Liang Qichao's political vision of transcending the times has had a profound impact on future generations.His thoughts on group-related relationship not only led to the innovation of public consciousness and personal concept of Chinese society in the late19 th and early 20 th centuries,but also contributed to the theoretical innovation of his own group.In particular,Liang Qichao has a certain originality by guiding the cognition of his own group relationship with a concept of time-based and philosophical logic of "change".Not only that,but he also discussed the issue of dealing with the relationship between the people in the process of cultural transformation through the reflection and criticism of the predicament of modernity in the West.On the basis of the previous article,Liang Qichao tried the “returning to the new” of the “national group” through the “Mozi School Case”,and also extended the relationship between the group and the self to the “world group” and carried out international relations.Imagine.Generally speaking,in the analysis and comparison of Chinese and Western philosophy,this paper examines the development of Liang Qichao's thoughts on the relationship between the group and the self in the modern Chinese society.For the present,how to properly handle the relationship between the individual and the society,that is,while safeguarding the individual's freedom and development,and achieving the cohesion of group power and the prosperity of the society,has become an important concern of contemporary Chinese political philosophy.problem.Especially in the new era of further deepening China's political reform and building a socialist country's governance theory,under the new historical rhythm of "not forgetting the initial heart and deepening reform",Liang Qichao's unique "foresightedness" in the group reconciliation Insights have undoubtedly become a political and ideological resource for the needs of the times and for the urgent society in a certain sense.Therefore,carrying the predecessors' research and shouldering the needs of the times,and seeking the possibility of reconciling the individual and the society through Liang Qichao's group self-sense,has become the responsibility and unremitting efforts of this article.