Zhang Xuecheng Literary Research

Zhang xue-cheng (1738-1801), the word real lent, shaoxing, zhejiang province, the government will take the county (now shaoxing), period of qing scholars important historians, bibliography and literature critics. There is little doubt that zhang xue-cheng as an important historical master in the qing dynasty, its historical achievements are the most significant, at the same time, he also in literature to have done, its the history and Shi Tongwen history view, determines the literary thoughts in the important position of its entire academic ideas, and, arguably, zhang xue-cheng colorful literature thought and literature practice, having a unique style, is an important part of their entire academic thought and creation. At present, the academic research on his literature achievement is generally weak, research remains to be expanded, the description depth remains to be deepened, because of this, I on the basis of previous studies, from the literary perspective, to finally in the aspect of literature theories and creation practice achievements has carried on the comprehensive description and summary, this study finally literary thought, and even the whole academic thoughts, have a certain value.The paper consists of introduction, text and appendix. The introduction part, the source of the topic and research significance, the present situation and methods.The text is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter mainly from the diachronic perspective, combed the zhang xue-cheng's life and his literary thought. Zhang xue-cheng not good, its academic thoughts and the inherent mainstream academic studies, their writings and makes him dare not ideal earners, as a result, finally life lived a wandering life, living in the boat, displaced to feed their families, he repeatedly on the academy, through employment bureau, in the gap of car horse full of dust, been ceaseless, left the world with a rich academic writings, but because of no fixed abode, some writings but still stored does not save. Throughout life finally, his literature thoughts from initiation to mature and experienced three periods:the family man, inclination, the formation of literary thought and literary thought of mature period.The second chapter elaborates the zhang xue-cheng's prose theory and practice. Ancient prose theory emphatically elaborated finally in a way, and angry point of view of language, in a way, finally proposed the article with md, tao from point of view; On the relationship of language, finally proposed the papers in quality, quality is better than, mass from the dialectical point of view; On the view of angry, finally proposed the gas your Yu Chang, the air is not set and set the righteous relating point of view. Zhang xue-cheng the ancient practice of the rich and colorful, accomplished, his travel notes prose, short, structure exactly, distinct, detailed slightly proper, focused, language starkness, through JiYou, express the life feeling, give a person with philosophical enlightenment. Zhang xue-cheng CARES about the national economy and people's livelihood, upheld the period of studying, the continuous wrote in his later years, six political article, straight Chen declared, overhaul management, improve the system of reporting, the improvement of the imperial examination system innovation measures, such as its political prose, can be combined with social reality, in view of the malpractices, penned classic structure is rigorous, primary and secondary distinct, of meticulous, has the irrefutable logic strength. Academic prose is zhang xue-cheng's prose creation, set deep in allusion to its academic prose, in class, than say, be good at head, rigorous structure, informative, expatiating the grand, has a strong logical and persuasive.The third chapter elaborates the view of zhang xue-cheng's poetics and poetry creation. In the poetry theory, finally argues that due to the particularity of verse different text, use of metaphor on moral, is often used in poetry writing technique. Zhang xue-cheng despise process of poetry, oppose the one-sided exquisite form of skills, on the contrary, he especially emphasized the importance of poems of righteousness, that the standard of poetry and the poetry is not process is perfect or not, but in the presence of poetry, therefore, finally stressed that poetry should be based on the knowledge, to having substance in speech. Zhang xue-cheng held in temperament, for mark, emphasized the importance of true feelings in poetry creation, at the same time, he put the halal as judge of the highest standard of poetry. Zhang xue-cheng not good at writing poetry, poetry made little, from the content point of view, can be divided into three parts:one is recalling antiquity, borrow to poems expressing their thoughts feelings; two is to make the topic<with garden zhen>, criticizing the yuan mei bewitch best pot and WuWang black and white; three is to make a QiGu long poems, through Syria the vicissitudes of life, the most available for the material. The fourth chapter elaborates on the theory and practice of zhang xue-cheng's novel. Zhang xue-cheng's novel theory rich variety, he put the ancient Chinese novel rheological is divided into four types, namely the bibliography novel, mystery novels, romance novels and historical novels, puts forward the ancient Chinese novels "through three changes of rheological theory; Illuminates the novel on the basis of the theory of fictitious technique of narrative fiction, this paper discusses the reasons of fictitious narrative analysis of fictional should follow the principle of the novel, namely must conform to the ethical and moral standards, historical figures to conform to the historical truth, accord with "from actually, but almost empty Ming the fable" principle, for the fictional works, should do when reading the heart knows its meaning and intentions; Illustrates the history of novels in the correction of the missing, compiling local Chronicles history and exhorts the function of education in three aspects, such as theory. Zhang xue-cheng, of course, in his novel theory also show the dilemma of ambivalence:both despise novels, and see the role of the novel; Requires both novel creation should follow the principle of records of historian, and acknowledge the rationality of use fictitious technique in the novel creation; Both lament for novel breakthrough historian inherent in traditional idea, and that the evolution of human behavior of the novel. This ambivalence, is by the historian inherent traditional concept and its progressive literature conflict each other, at the same time, he also puts forward the solutions. Zhang xue-cheng theme rich variety of novels, poetic justice thoughts or performance, or performance kind of thoughts, or ideals of education; Skillful in fictional narrative method, sophisticated, or set the suspense opportunely, or good contrast, or use a coincidence, in addition, the novel materials, adept at tailoring, figure description method, not stick to one language level nature, giving the flatness.The fifth chapter elaborates on the zhang xue-cheng historical biography literature practice, theory and practice of writing. Zhang xue-cheng defines the connotation of biography, and combed the biographical literary style of the rheological, put forward the principle of literariness of biographical writing, namely the descendant, the style is the man of matter, the style is the matter, the principle, the judge should keep exactly principle, etc. Various types of zhang xue-cheng's biography creation is a substantial one, and not stick to one pattern, has spread, biographies, the family, so, biographies, etc., some of these biographies from the corpus, also some from the chorography, zhang xue-cheng notice from specific needs, choose and the actual content suitable biography form, content and the form has been perfect and unified. Zhang xue-cheng's historical biography narrative method, or characters, considerable literary value.The sixth chapter elaborates zhang xue-cheng the eight-part essay writing under the influence of the theory and writing education. Zhang xue-cheng put forward its own clear eight-part essays theory:especially makes a different taste, especially have specific for principle, teachers have distinctive skills. But also it is not hard to see finally ambivalence of eight-part essay writing:on the one hand lightly eight-part essays, on the other hand, and on the eight-part essay writing a positive attitude, finally opposes the eight-part essays writing, but it is not advocated to abolish this important article form, but advocates a kind of high grade have qualitative eight-part essays writing, it is through this claim, to reconcile the inherent contradiction in his theory of the eight-part essay writing psychology. Professor zhang xue-cheng speaker in several college life, for public language, as the reader left a generous about writing education, its writing education is under the influence of eight-part essay writing theory.The seventh chapter elaborates on the zhang xue-cheng's literary criticism theory and practice. Zhang xue-cheng's important literature critics, has a wealth of critical practice, and on this basis to form the unique and rich theory of literary criticism. He feel criticism subject should have weld thought, namely "in the article will worship" and "theory of ancient shall be subject to". Zhang xue-cheng in criticism practice sums up the rich variety of criticism method, namely the origin co-prime, psychological criticism, counterevidence, see the criticism method and analogy method, etc. Zhang xue-cheng devoted his life to literature and history JiaoChou career, in order to evaluate ancient and modern literature and history, disease and losses as own duty, he told the tongcheng school GuWenWen series, righteousness, put forward the question and criticize, moreover, yuan mei also hateful to zhang xue-cheng, in his poetics, GuWenGuan, textual research and its "with garden zhen also criticized and liquidation.The eighth chapter elaborates on the zhang xue-cheng's theory of literature and its contemporary significance. Zhang xue-cheng through "chapter distinguishes the academic origin, mirror" approach, to teaching as the center, to build up its unique theoretical system of pure literature, he points out that the evolution history of the development of Chinese ancient literature, think that the development of ancient literature has experienced three times of evolution, namely by LiuYi of the development of the warring states period, and by the papers into a stream of future generations of the warring states period, although the forms, but throughout a vein, constitute the complete sequence of literature development history. Zhang xue-cheng also the style of the rheological history made accurate comb, think later style from images, to the warring states period, the later development style is largely complete. From our present point of view, zhang xue-cheng's theory of literary history is undoubtedly correct reveals the historical truth of the development of Chinese ancient literature, both these theories summarized research methods, and puts forward the specific point of view, all of today's literature research has important guide role.Appendix is divided into two parts:one is based on and finally original reference related information, make the timeline zhang xue-cheng works, through the chronology, can clear understanding of the writing course of finally;2it is to research the zhang xue-cheng part of this title.