| From the internal Developmental Way of young Lukacs’s critique to modernity, this dissertation starts the study of the formation of Lukacs’s thought. In the dissertation, the author not only clarifies the development and changes of young Lukacs’s thoughts on the intellectual view of the critique to modernity, but also interprets the thought resources he faces on the background of the critique to modernity, such as Simmel’s cultural philosophy, a variety of religious resources, Weber’s theory of rationalization and Marx’s critical theory of commodity fetishism. On this basis, we see that Lukacs’s thought, which is represented as the theory of reification and theory of class consciousness, differs from any former thought resources by combining them together and developing them creatively. Finally, on the intellectual view of the critique to modernity, the author expounds the significance and limitations of young Lukacs’s critique to modernity on the ground of general evaluation and measurement.On the basis of Lukacs’s principal works, and following the clue of the development of Lukacs’s critique to modernity, the author takes the basic research methods of synthesizing the text interpretation with the interpretation of intellectual history as well as synthesizing intellectual history with realistic background. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:The first chapter generally introduces the times and the intellectual background in which young Lukacs lived to set a stage for his theory of critique to modernity. Hungary social crisis led to the conflict between anti-Semitism and Jewish nationalism. At that time, in the intellectual circle, Neo-Kantianism confronted with Positivism. The confrontation developed into the simple confrontation between Economic Determinism and Ethical Socialism within "the Second International". All of these provide a historical background and intellectual premises for young Lukacs’s critique to modernity.The second chapter discusses the intrinsic development and logic process of young Lukacs’s critique to modernity during his pre-Marxist period to clarify his position to critique of modernity and the solutions to the problems of modernity. This is the premise or key to understand the development and changes of Lukacs’s thought subsequently. In order to criticize the alienated phenomena of modernity and its intellectual token, that is, positivism, Lukacs first holds the position of neo-Kantianism, then shifts to Hegelianism, and finally accepts Marxism.The third and fourth chapters discuss young Lukacs’s academic achievements after he accepts Marxism, that is, the theory of reification and that of class-consciousness. Lukacs believes that the reified phenomena and reified consciousness are basic models of modernity. Accordingly, the conceptual form of modernity is the formalism system of rationalism. Both are inherently the same. German classical philosophy commits to addressing the internal opposition and paradox of modernity, but in the end is stuck in a contemplative and theoretical position. So Lukacs proposes the theory of class consciousness to sublate the modernity. Proletarian class consciousness is a kind of universal and philosophical awareness. It requires the interposition of the categories of mediation and totality, and it must enter human history. Proletarian class consciousness itself is practical. It surmounts the ideology of modernity, and thus achieves the real elimination of the reification.In the fifth chapter, the author gives a dialectic evaluation to young Lukacs’s critique to modernity and makes an appropriate assessment to its significance and limitations. The author defines Lukacs’s critique to modernity generally as a cultural or ideological critique. It has had a profound impact on Marxism’s and western Marxism’s theoretical development as well as on the history of Western thought. It also has practical significance to the present world and China’s practice. Finally, by comparing it with Marx’s critique to modernity, the author testifies that Lukacs’s critique to modernity has the nature of Hegelianism ontologically. |
