A Research On The Doves Of The Late Qing Government

During the Chinese and western intense conflict, war or war threatening period, the doves of the late Qing government, were the some government officials who advocated using mitigation rather than confrontation, and tough measures to negotiate or deal with the powers, making it possible to maneuver sino-foreign maintain in a peace situation.If the doves are further expanded, they also involve part gentry and intellectuals. They are relatively loose factions-no formal rules and organization, their expressions mainly through memorials to the throne, discussing states affairs and letters to communicate with each other and mutual support in foreign standpoint.They were forced to negotiate with the powers and signed a number of unequal treaties. In the course, they also generated a lot of western ideas and understanding, and they put these ideas into case, then they played very important part in late Qing dynasty sino-foreign negotiations and the process of modernization.When we studied the doves of the late Qing government, we should explore and reveal the essence and impact of their thoughts of that time. For one thing it would help us to understand the difficulties of modern China into the world, highlights the shortcomings of our traditional national culture. For another, it also helps us to understand the essence of peace, meaning, then give us a useful reference for our further integration into the world. This article includes three parts:introduction, main body and conclusion.The introduction section includes selecting significance, the definition of the doves, the academic history review, the research methods and research approach, innovation and insufficient of this composition The main body is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the historical roots in Chinese ancient of the doves, and introduces the large gap between east and west before the doves of the late Qing government buds, then gives matting for it generated.The second chapter to the fourth chapter mainly analyzes the developing process of the doves of the late Qing government.In practical terms, the first chapter basically emphasize the sprout of the doves in the first opium war, experiencing a generation, annihilation and re-emergence of the process.The third chapter inspect basically the development of the doves in the Emperor of Xianfeng's rule and thought where the formation of it was closely related to the invasion of western powers. Its forces has been greatly improved until the compromise policy of abide by the treaty gained a approval.The fourth chapter makes a further analysis on the quickly development after the improved of the doves of the late Qing government, Involved the number?style?concepts and ideas of the doves of the late Qing government.The fifth chapter discuss its rough development had gone through differentiation, setbacks and overall rising and so on several periods, and given a compared detailed analysis to the performance, speech in these periods.The sixth mainly explores and analyzes the essence?aim and reasons of their "peace", emphasize their "peace" is not entirely compromiseThe seventh chapter mainly introduces the various ideas of the doves of the late Qing government in the process of negotiations with powers, including pacify, by using a foreign against another foreign, by using people against foreigners, abided by the treaties and using business and trade against invasion. After these, it compared with similar methods of the eagles of the late Qing government.The eighth mainly introduced the influence of the doves of the late Qing government to the imperial power in late Qing dynasty and the forces of the doves changes in various political strife in late Qing dynasty and its relationship with the late Qing dynasty political progressConclusion:It mainly analyses the influence?the reasons for failure and the enlightenments of the doves of the late Qing government. Of course, it also combined realistic point of view, make a certain extent analysis for the debate whether they should negotiate with the powers.