Genetic Analysis Of Effect And Interaction Of Soybean Genes In Different Genetic Populations Built By Two Parents

Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable protein and vegetable oil.The growth period of soybean,indicated by flowering time and maturity time,is closely related to the yield,quality and suitable planting area of soybean.Soybean growth period is an important ecological index of photoperiod response.However,due to the photoperiodic sensitivity,the elite varieties can only be planted in a certain ecological area or geographical latitude,limiting being widely used.Up to now,nearly ten important genes that regulate maturity time have been cloned,especially E1 gene which has the greatest influence on the growth period,which provides important theoretical basis for the analysis of the flowering pathway of soybean.Photoperiod regulation of soybean flowering is a complex network,and many novel loci or genes need to be resolved.Importantly,we can work on how flowering genes interact with each other,the allelic effect of maturity genes,and the effects of different genotypic combinations on the growth period.1.On the basis of the preliminary investigation,the F₂ generation genetic populations whose parents have contrast difference in the maturity time in different origins were selected.Illumina Soy SNP8k i Select Bead Chip sequencing was performed on 3 populations(Z4,Z28,Y23),and simplified genome(SLAF)sequencing was performed on 3 populations(Y159,Y133,Y32).High-density molecular markers covering the entire genome were developed,and QTL mapping was performed in combination with phenotypic data.8 QTL were detected in the flowering time.There were 12 QTL for plant height.7 QTL for branch number;12QTL for Main stem node number;7 QTL for total pod number.In view of the location of QTL loci near E1 and E2 on chromosome 6 and chromosome 10 in multiple populations,the genotypes of E1 and E2 in parents of the genetic population were identified again.The QTL locus of the Y159 population was consistent with the E2 gene in the flowering phase of chromosome 10,and the E2genotypes of the parents were identified to be different.The QTL of Y133 population was located from chromosome 6,which was similar to E1,and the difference of E1gene between parent and parent was identified.In Y32 population,QTL of chromosome 6 and chromosome 10 were all localized to flowering time,and the parents were identified with different E1 and E2 genotypes.On the other hand,genotyping was performed on individual plants in the population,and correlation analysis was carried out with the data of anthesis period,indicating that genotypes of Y159,Y133 and Y32 populations were related to phenotypic data,suggesting that E1or E2 genes may play a role.Studies on chlorophyll metabolism in soybean and common bean mutantsThe mutant library with rich trait variation is an important resource for scientific research and genetic breeding.In this study,a yellow leaves mutant called Gmfy1 was screened from Heihe 13 mutant,and its physiological,biochemical and phenotypic changes were investigated,and the mutate gene was located.2.In this study,a stable genetic mutant Gmfyl1 with fluorescently yellowed leaves was screened from the mutant library of the extremely early maturing variety Heihe13.Through fine phenotypic identification,the chlorophyll content in the mutant leaves was significantly reduced,the photosynthetic rate was lower than that of the wild type,and the difference in the flowering time was small,but the mutant matured later than the wild type.The candidate genes were anchored on chromosome 12 by gene chip and BSR sequencing,and genotyping was performed on individuals by means of molecular markers,further narrowing the candidate interval to37654886-38375362 bp.Functional annotation and mutation analysis were carried out on the genes in the candidate interval,and the chlorophyll synthesis pathway gene POR(Glyma.12g222200)with 1 bp deletion in the coding region was selected as the candidate gene.A bioinformatics analysis of candidate gene was carried out.1 bp deletion in the coding of the candidate gene,leads to a trunicated protein of 83 amino acids in comparison of 399 amino acids for wild type.Early termination of translation resulted in the loss of functional domains such as SDR superfamily and LPOR.The candidate gene also has two homologous genes Glyma.06g247100 and Glyma.12g150400 in the soybean genome.By constructing phylogenetic tree,it was found that the candidate genes were closely related to homologes from common bean and cowpea.Using the mutant itself as the receptor material,20 plants of T0 generation have been obtained by using the method of soybean cotyledon node transformation mediated by agrobacterium tuber.The expression of candidate genes and their homologous genes was analyzed in mutant and wild type.With the development of the leaf,the expression of candidate genes increased gradually in wild type.During the vegetative growth period of soybean,the expression of candidate gene gradually increases before V3 stage and then decreases.3.Common beans ecotype of golden hook have little fiber and are rich in nutrition.The research group constructed the gold hook mutant library and obtained a series of mutation types,among which the proportion of green pod mutant lines was very high.Transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were carried out to study degreening of pod and flavonoid nutrient composition.As the pod development,the chlorophyll content decreases,and the rate of decline is faster in the wild-type gold hook.Analysis of the chlorophyll metabolism pathway revealed that the chlorophyll degrading gene RCCR was highly expressed in the wild type,but its expression was extremely low in green pod mutant.The cellulose content of the green pod mutant was significantly higher than that of the wild type,and expression abundance of the genes involving in cellulose synthesis was up-regulated compared with the wild type.Metabolome results showed that with pod development,the content of most flavonoids decreased,and there was little difference in metabolites between wild-type and mutant.In summary,this study mainly constructed the high-density genetic maps of six genetic populations,and located the QTL loci of important traits such as flowering time,plant height and branch number.Phenotype identification,gene localization,functional verification and expression analysis were carried out on a soybean mutant with yellower leaves.Transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were also performed on the golden hook and its green pod mutants.