| Ethiopian mustard(Brassica carinata,2n=34,BBCC L.)is mainly grown as a leafy vegetable and oilseed crop.Although,it has desirable characteristics such as biotic,abiotic tolerance/resistance crop as well as applicability as a bio industrial oil crop.However,the research work on Ethiopian mustard is few relatively to other Brassica crops.Here we report variation in plant morphology,singrin content,population structure and their sub-genome comparative analysis.Ethiopian mustard leaf has a mild flavor and a healthy addition to human diet due to their sinigrin content.Sinigrin is predominant glucosinolate in the leaves of Ethiopian mustard.However,there are different factors affecting sinigrin concentration such as genotype.Understanding variations in plant morphology and sinigrin content may be the first step for the crop improvement.In the analyses we found a significant difference in various characteristics such as plant height,primary branch,chlorophyll content,and petiole length in the Ethiopian mustard accessions.In addition,sinigrin content was also determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers/tunable ultraviolet detector(UPLC-TQS/TUV)and a significant difference was found in sinigrin content among leaves of Ethiopian mustard accessions.Except for petiole length of leaves,the Pearson linear correlation of sinigrin content was negatively correlated with leaf area,leaf width,number of primary branches,and plant height.This information will help Ethiopian mustard breeders in screening breeding lines for sinigrin content.Moreover,Ethiopian mustard is alloplyploid crops derived from interspecific crosses between B.nigra(2n=2x=16,BB)and B.oleracea(2n=2x=18,CC).There is a lack of information on modern biotechnological tools in Ethiopian mustard.Hence,we reported draft BC genome assembly and re-sequence eighty-eight Ethiopian mustard accessions collected from different agro-ecological parts Ethiopia.We performed their population structure as well as sub-genome comparative analysis using re-sequencing data sets.On population structure analysis,the PCA,phylogenic tree and structure analysis showed that the accessions collected from different part of Ethiopia regions appeared to be admixed.We predicted 49,285 orthologs genes with their relative B.nigra and B.oleracea.on the seventeen chromosome of B.carinata.In addition,the sub-genome comparative analysis the SNP density and InDel density were higher in B sub-genome than the C sub-genome.However,the length of the chromosome,C sub-genome was longer than the B sub-genome.Moreover,the C sub-genome had higher LD decay than B sub-genome.Overall,our result revealed that population structure analysis there were not distinct groups among the accessions collected from different region of Ethiopia.However,the sub-genome comparative analysis between C and B sub-genome had variation.Furthermore,a key limitation in modern biology has been the ability to rapidly identify appropriate method to complex phenotype association.Genome wide association studies(GWAS)have become an increasingly important approach for dissecting natural variation by associating phenotype with genotype at genome wide level.We conducted genome wide association of sinigrin in 88 of Ethiopian mustard accessions using their natural variation.There were five peaks SNP in the B sub-genome at chromosome B01,B04 and B05 using K+PCA model.Our result pave a way for providing many genetic markers,which will be facilitated BC breeding as well as breeding of high leaf sinigrin content in B.carinata.Nevertheless,further work should be conducted such validation of candidate gene and gene expression. |
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