Sublethal Toxic Effect And Mechanism Of Nitenpyram On Honeybee(Apis Mellifera Ligustica Spin.)

The honey bee is the most important pollinator for agricultural andnatural ecosystems in the world and contributes significantly to the human food supply.Recently,_environmental risk and toxicity of neonicotinoidin secticides to honey bees have attracted extensive attention.H_owever,_toxicological understanding of neonicotinoid insecticides on gutmicrobiota is limited.In the present study,honey bees（Apis melliferaLigus tica Spin.）we_re exposed to acute doses of nitenpyram for 48 h andsuble thal doses of nitenpyram for 14 d to test the dosage and effect of acutetoxic ity and sublethal toxicity,eval_uate the toxic effect,the a_ctivities of theantioxi dant enzymes and detoxifying enzyme in the abdominal and headtissues of worker bees,as wel_las the impacts of nitenpyram to gutmicrobio ta and gene profile of worker bee guts,so as t_o explore themechanismof sublethal dose of nitenpyram on worker bees.The ma_inconclusions of this paper are1.The 48h acute oral toxicity of nitenpyram to worker bees washighly toxic.2.The 1_{4 ds}ublethal dose exposure by nitenpyram decreased thesurvival and food consumption of worker bees,and caused poisoningsymptoms.3.The 14 _{d s}u_blethal dose exposure by nitenpyram affected the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and detoxifying enzyme in theabdominal and head tissues of worker bees.4.The 14 d sublethal dose exposure by nitenpyram caused significantalterations in the relative abundance of several key gut microbiotas,_whichplay important roles in metabolism,i_mmunity and detoxification._5.Th_e 14 d sublethal dose exposure by nitenpyram altered severaldifferentially expressed genes（DEGs）significantly,whi_ch were related tometabolism,immu_nity and detoxification.6.G_{O（）Gene Ontology}and KEGG（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genesand Genomes）pathway analysis showed nitenpyram affected severalbiological processes,most o_f which were related to metabolism.