| Advances in technology have led to the rapid development of distributed mobile electronics,sensor networks,personal healthcare,robots,human-machine interfaces(HMIs),and the Internet of Things(IoTs).Most of these mobile electronic products are powered by traditional batteries.However,the traditional power supply cannot meet the new requirements and challenges faced by the sustainable power supply of such a large number of distributed mobile electronic products and the sustainable development of the environment,due to the limited lifespan of the batteries,high replacement and maintenance costs,and the environmentally unfriendly chemical elements such as lead,mercury,and cadmium in the batteries.The development of new electronic products with the ability to obtain operational power from the working environment is an effective strategy to realize the sustainable energy supply of a large number of unattended distributed mobile electronic products.To this end,technologies based on electrostatic,piezoelectric,and more recently,triboelectric devices have been explored,which exhibit the capability of transforming the ubiquitous mechanical energy into electrical power.The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)based on the conjunction of contact electrification(CE)and electrostatic induction is effective for harvesting the low-frequency,irregular,and otherwise wasted,ubiquitous mechanical energy in our daily life with high conversion efficiency,which has shown great application potential in the distributed energy supply of small mobile electronic devices.In addition,the single response characteristic of TENG to external environmental mechanical stimuli enables its output electrical signals to be used as real-time recording and feedback of mechanical stimulus characteristics,which also has huge potential value in self-powered sensor networks.Although TENG has made significant progress in distributed power sources,self-powered sensor networks,self-powered electrochemical systems,blue energy,etc.,factors such as low output efficiency,poor signal stability,and poor device durability have restricted its further development.Herein,this article mainly focuses on improving the mechanical energy conversion efficiency of TENG,the stability of the output signal and the durability of the device,and the construction of self-powered sensing and electrochemical systems.The main research contents are: Combine the TENG with the electromagnetic generator(EMG),so that the low-frequency adaptability and low current and high voltage output characteristics of TENG and the high-frequency adaptability and high current and low voltage output characteristics of EMG complement each other,thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency and broaden the frequency range of the mechanical energy.In this paper,four triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generators are constructed for the efficient collection of mechanical energy in different scenarios and the construction of the self-powered multifunctional systems:(1)Based on the theoretical basis of the working mode of TENGs,the plane sliding friction of the traditional device is converted into rolling friction through the gear structure,the constructed drum-type hybrid generator(HCS-TENG)greatly improves the stability of the electrical signal and the durability of the device.This hybrid generator effectively converts the rotational energy into electrical energy to power small electronic devices.The device works continuously for two days at a speed of 300 r/min,and the output current of TENG can maintain up to 96% of the initial value,demonstrating ultra-high stability.In addition,using the inherent characteristics of TENG’s output electrical signals,a self-powered high-precision wireless speed,average speed and mileage sensor has been successfully constructed,which provides a feasible solution for autonomous monitoring and recording of the motion characteristics of mobile devices in harsh environments,such as lunar rover,mobile equipment operating in high-risk environments.(2)Based on the above research,the magnet rods wrapped with silicone rubber are used as both the negative electric friction material of TENG and the source of magnetic flux of EMG.The sliding friction and the hard contact mode between the friction materials are converted into the soft contact mode of rolling friction.The full-packaged waterwheel-like rolling hybrid nanogenerator(TEHNG)effectively improves the output stability and mechanical durability of the device.The design of this device is more beautiful.It can not only beautify the environment but also convert a variety of mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy,such as the energy of the water flow in the park and the energy of human activities.In addition,using the inherent characteristics of the EMG output electrical signal,a self-powered high-precision wireless frequency and rotational speed sensor has been successfully constructed,which provides a feasible solution for the development of distributed energy supply for small electronic devices and self-powered wireless sensing systems.(3)To solve the limitation of the researched TENG-based vibration energy harvester of the single direction of collecting mechanical energy,small bandwidth and large amplitude,a triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator for polydirectional micro-vibration mechanical energy harvesting is constructed.When the vibration intensity is 0.4 rad and the vibration frequency is 1 Hz,the peak output powers of TENG and EMG are as high as 3.65 m W and 22.4 m W,respectively,which demonstrates great advantages in the collection of low-frequency micro-vibration energy,such as vibration energy of bridges,cars,sea water,etc.Moreover,using the collected water wave energy,a self-powered seawater splitting system and an electrochemical anti-corrosion system have been successfully constructed,which has great research significance for marine clean energy and self-protection of the hull.In addition,according to the linear relationship between the peak number of the amplitude sensor and the vibration intensity,a self-powered amplitude monitoring and alarm system based on Lab VIEW software is realized,which has huge application potential in bridge amplitude monitoring and earthquake monitoring.(4)Based on the previous three research work,to solve the problem of seawater corrosion,the electrostatic shielding effect of seawater,difficult packaging,high cost,and difficult maintenance in TENG-based blue energy collectors,a new hybrid blue energy conversion device is designed,which cleverly converts ocean wave energy into Coulomb repulsive force between magnets to drive the device to work,and converts the device’s direct contact mode with seawater to an indirect contact mode,thereby,the anti-corrosion non-encapsulated TENG for blue energy collection is proposed for the first time.And integrated with the solar panel,it can collect solar energy and various forms of mechanical energy in the environment at the same time,such as human motion energy,water waves,etc.This work provides a feasible scheme for the fields of power supply of small electronic equipment,navigation and lighting. |
PDF Full Text Request