Optimal Configuration And Techno-Economic Assessment Of Renewable Energy Sources Integrated With Hydrogen Energy System

Due to its fluctuation characteristics,renewable energy sources(RES)have encountered the challenges of low efficiency and power insecurity.Hybridization of RES with energy storage systems(ESS)can be ensuring efficient,more stable supply and the help of delivering continuous power flow.However,optimizing a hybrid energy system(HES)is of great significance for maximizing system performance,reducing unnecessary system risks,and obtaining a reliable power supply and robustness power system.Recently,an energy storage system based on hydrogen fuel cells(FCs)has received significant attention for backup energy generation in stand-alone applications due to its long lifecycle and less maintenance requirements..However,the hydrogen FCs system still has not achieved the expected efficiency,and the economic maturity needs to be improved.Therefore,in stationary applications,the efficiency of hydrogen FCs can be negotiated through system sizing and operations techniques.In this context,the current research first proposes the efficient energy management strategy(EMS)and systematic configuration approach based on hybrid photovoltaics(PVs)and hydrogen FCs energy systems to attain high operational efficiency and optimize the configuration.The system model is constructed,and EMS is applied.This strategy decides when the PV and FC should supply power to a load in various conditions.The excellent configuration of the sub-components in the hybrid PV/FC energy system can play a primary role in maintaining constant power flow.Significant types of PV tracking techniques are proposed to improve the PV system performances in the grid-connected hybrid(PV-FC)energy system.The technical and economic characteristics are assessed and compared.The system topology,design principles,and technical and financial descriptions of the hybrid system components are explained.Furthermore,economic formulas are used to assess the economy of various types of PV tracking techniques and look for the energy system’s optimal configuration.This research also proposes software-based optimization for different configurations of microgrids(MGs)hybrid(Solar/Wind/Diesel engine)energy systems for electrifying various consumers in Taiz province,Yemen,in three scenarios of energy strategies.The potential of renewable energy-related the region is assessed and the feasibility of the hybrid energy systems’ technical and economic performances are analyzed and compared.The objective function is to look for the most optimal hybrid energy system that obtains the least economical cost,and the best advantageous technical performance belongs to the most economical energy scenario.In a hybrid energy system,the excess energy,which has been used to neither charge battery nor supply load,is the major challenge that can be either cause overcharge,which leads to the damaged battery system,or overvoltage,which leads to disconnect system components.Utilizing this unused energy can protect the energy system from damage and decrease the cost of energy(COE).In this context,the current research developed an energy management strategy to treat the excess energy in an off-grid hybrid(PV/Wind/Diesel engine)energy system for sends it to the grid with an objective function to protect the system and mitigate the COE.The proposed energy systems are simulated,and the result is analyzed by using three kinds of software according to the objectives of the designed energy systems.TRNSYS software is used for demonstrating the dynamic and transient behavior of energy system.In contrast,the optimization process is performed by using HOMER pro.And MATLAB/m.file is used for writing the code to be called by HOMER pro.The research outcomes are proved that the efficiency of the hybrid(PV-FC)energy system is improved.And the optimal configuration of a grid-connected hybrid(PV-FC)energy system was by using a vertical single-axis tracker,which resulted in the lowest Net Present Cost(NPC),and COE.Among the proposed three scenarios of energy strategies,the result highlighted the best economic scenario of energy strategy and found to be the hybrid(PV/Wind/Diesel engine)energy system is the suitable choice a achieved the least cost and advantageous technical performances.In the hybrid(PV/Wind/Diesel engine)energy system,the dumped off the excess energy to the grid helped bring more profit to the system,resulting in a decrease in the COE.