Application Study Of Control Techniques To The Frequency Regulation Of Isolated Microgrid Integrated With Electric Vehicles

The ever-increasing demand for electric power is accelerated by recent technological advancements.As,the more the world goes toward modernization,the more there is a need for electric power.From a small gadget like mobile phone to big industries all consume electric power for their operation,this is the first major issue faced by current power system.Moreover,global warming and pollution due to the burning of fossil fuel for the generation of energy is another hot issue of today's world.Therefore,the researchers and engineers try to find new ways for sustainable,reliable clean and green energy to be delivered to every consumer.The wind and solar power plant inclusion into the power system are one of the solutions to the above issues.Although,the power of renewable energy sources(RES)is clean and green but the intermittent nature of the RES makes issues for their integration into power system.Frequency and voltage are the well-known problems associated with the RES integration.In this research work,various control schemes are developed in order to regulate the frequency in isolated microgrid.Initially,proportional-integral(PI)controller and fuzzy proportional integral controller are used to regulate the output power of wind turbine systems,diesel generator,solar photovoltaic system(PV),reheat turbine system(RTS)according to the frequency mismatch of the isolated microgrid(MG).Latterly,an adaptive droop control(ADC)is introduced in order to provide a bidirectional power flow of electric vehicle(EV)that can ensure frequency regulation during different contingencies,which an isolated MG may face during the power mismatch.This research also proposed a model predictive control(MPC)to regulate the output power of the ESS.ESS possesses tremendous potential to counter both the rapid growth of intermittent RES and provide frequency support to the MG.an appropriate collaboration between ESS and EVs has good capability to manage the frequency irregularities to ensure the efficient operation of the MG.A novel combination of two control techniques is presented i.e.,MPC and ADC,to tackle the frequency regulation issue in the isolated MG,by effectively controlling the ESS and EVs output power during the large-scale integration of RESs or huge change in load demand.Firstly,the MPC regulates the ESS according to the system frequency deviation,and secondly,the ADC manages the power of EVs according to system specifications by retaining the least possible power for potential usage of EVs.Secondly,an advanced genetic algorithm is applied to tune the MPC and ADC parameters in order to achieve optimized performance.Lastly,an isolated MG is modeled and verified in MATLAB/Simulink using the above-mentioned control techniques.Numerous case studies are taken into account to validate the combination of different controllers for frequency regulation of an isolated MG.The ADC-fuzzy PI controller combination shows better performance results than ADC-PI,similarly,the ADC-MPC controller is more superior than ADC-fuzzy PI and ADC-PI controllers based on the performance.Additionally,the proposed MPC controller is compared with fuzzy logic proportional-integral controller and proportional-integral controller,the MPC provides better performance results as compared to fuzzy PI and PI controllers.