Research On Water Shortage In Tianjin City And The Project Of Diverting Luan Into Tianjin (1981-1984)

"Introduction of Luanuan into Tianjin" was a large-scale water conservancy project carried out by the Tianjin Municipal Government in the 1980 s with the participation of the Party,the government,the military and the people.The project was closely related to the water shortage crisis at that time and had a far-reaching impact on the future development of Tianjin.Focusing on the problem of how the CPC dealt with the crisis,this paper takes the Tianjin Diversion Project from the Luanhe River to Tianjin as the center,takes the project "how to make decisions","how to mobilize" and "how to implement" as the main line,comprehensively investigates the efforts taken by the CPC Central Committee and the CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee and Government to deal with the water shortage crisis in Tianjin in the early stage of reform and opening up.This paper mainly discusses the background of the strategic decision,the formulation of the water diversion plan,the initiation and implementation of the project,and discusses the important influence of the project on the development of Tianjin,as well as the ecological problems in water conservancy construction.Tianjin is located on the shore of the Bohai Sea and in the lower reaches of the Haihe River system.With the development of the "radical treatment of the Haihe River" movement in the 1960 s and 1970 s,the inflow water from Tianjin was increasingly reduced.At the same time,the speed of industrial and agricultural production in Tianjin has significantly accelerated,and the demand for water has increased sharply.In order to cope with the increasingly urgent water shortage crisis,in the early 1970 s,the CPC Central Committee made a strategic decision to build the Luanhe River Diversion Project.During this period,the central government ordered the construction of Daheiting and Panjiakou reservoirs,which paved the way for the water transfer project from Luanuan to Tianjin.However,what was unexpected was that the central government originally planned to complete the project in 1980,but it failed to be realized due to the differences between Tianjin and Hebei Province in the survey,design and water allocation,as well as the impact of the Tangshan earthquake.In 1980,with the aggravation of water shortage in Tianjin,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to appoint Li Ruihuan as the deputy mayor of Tianjin and take up the post of commander in chief of the Luanhe Tianjin diversion project.Then,under the leadership of Li Ruihuan,Tianjin Municipal Government made overall planning based on the whole,and made decisions on three major issues: "who will construct","the choice of water transmission route" and "how to carry out construction".At the same time,Tianjin municipal government has also carried out a series of fruitful work on the preliminary preparation of the Luanhe Tianjin diversion project.This work included the following three important steps: first,strive to include the Luanhe Tianjin diversion project into the national infrastructure plan in a short time;Second,to establish a highly centralized and unified authority;Third,actively strive for the support of Hebei Province.The above three steps were closely linked and implemented one by one,promoting the rapid start of the Luanhe Tianjin diversion project.The implementation of the project was the most important step after the decision of diverting the Luanhe River from the Luanhe River to the Luanhe River.In this grand "campaign",Li Ruihuan,as the commander-in-chief of the Luanhe Tianjin Water Diversion Project and Secretary of the Party committee of the Luanhe Tianjin water diversion headquarters,adhered to the spirit of "science" and "revolution" and closely relied on leading cadres,intellectuals,PLA soldiers and the masses at all levels to pledge Luanhe Water into Tianjin.During the implementation of the project,the Luanhe Water Diverting Headquarters has taken various measures to enhance the enthusiasm of the construction staff.In the meantime,the headquarters on the one hand accelerated the construction technology innovation and economic contract responsibility system reform;On the other hand,through organizing labor competition,implementing ideological and political education,absorbing intellectuals to join the party and other measures,fully mobilized the enthusiasm of the construction personnel.The headquarters has also taken necessary measures for flood control,frost prevention and epidemic prevention to ensure that the construction of Luanhe River diversion works in the complex and changeable environment according to the risk prevention and control needs.In order to overcome the difficulties of raising and transporting materials,the logistics department of the Luanhe diversion headquarters made every effort to ensure supplies through bold reform and extensive mobilization of all forces.In addition,besides the construction site of Luanhe River Diverting,the Tianjin Municipal Government also mobilized all social forces to serve for Luanhe River Diverting through various mobilization methods,and tried to create a political atmosphere of "everyone for Luanhe River Diverting".After one year and four months of arduous construction,the project was officially opened to water on September 11,1983.The clear and sweet water of the Luanhe River began to flow into thousands of households in Tianjin,marking the end of the long history of Tianjin people drinking salty and bitter water.After the introduction of Luanuan into Tianjin,Tianjin has made up the historical debt of long-term water shortage and embarked on a new journey of reform and opening up in the new era.In the course of nearly 40 years of reform and opening up,the project of diverting water from Luanhe to Tianjin has always played an important role in supplying water to Tianjin.While the project of diverting water from Luanhe to Tianjin has brought great comprehensive benefits to Tianjin,it has also caused a series of ecological problems.As a cross-basin water conservancy project,how to balance the economic interests between Tianjin and Hebei in water source protection has become an urgent problem for Tianjin municipal government to solve.At present,although the water conservancy conditions of Tianjin have been fundamentally improved,the threat of water shortage has not been completely removed,and water shortage is still a major bottleneck restricting the development of Tianjin.Tianjin should learn from the experience and lessons of the past urban construction,properly handle the above relations between man and nature,urban development and water resources on the basis of the existing water conservancy facilities,and truly embark on a road of sustainable urban development.