| Noise is defined as one of the seven environmental hazards,which has an impact on human life and working environment.High noise may even affect human health.As an important public infrastructure,high-speed railway has obvious impact on the society and the public from the perspective of planning,design,construction and operation.In China,the noise problem caused by high-speed railway system is one of the most concerned environmental problems.This leads to that in the planning,design and construction stage of high-speed railway,the residents on both sides of the high-speed railway line show their attention to the noise impact,and the residents express their demands and wishes through public participation,hoping that the high-speed railway line will be as far away from their houses as possible,which increases the difficulty of line planning,route selection and construction.It can be seen that there is still a contradiction between high-speed railway noise and its high-quality development as a new type of infrastructure,which not only directly affects the economic,social and environmental benefits of high-speed railway construction projects,but also may become a key factor restricting the speed-up and development of high-speed railway.How to reduce the impact of noise has gradually become a key factor in the construction of high-speed railway.From the perspective of environmental economics,environmental pollution is a typical negative externality,so the environmental impact of high-speed railway can be explained by negative externality.This paper analyzes the negative externality of noise from the perspective of environmental economics,and puts forward control strategies,which is of great significance to the sustainable,healthy and high-quality development of high-speed railway.In this paper,the externality of high-speed railway is analyzed by using the externality theory of microeconomics.The negative externality of noise,which is easy to be ignored in economic behavior,is selected as the main research object.The quantitative calculation method of the external cost of high-speed railway noise is established.The dynamic game model of each participant to solve the problem of negative externality is established by using the game theory.At last,the paper puts forward the research of noise control strategy,which runs through the whole life cycle theory.It includes:1.Characterization analysis of negative externality of high-speed railway noise.After expounding the relevant theories,according to the exclusiveness and competitiveness of goods,the high-speed railway is divided into quasi public goods between public goods and private goods.With the help of externality theory,through the analysis of the effect of high-speed railway project,combined with the characteristics of high-speed railway project construction and operation,the connotation of noise externality of high-speed railway is defined,and the positive and negative externalities of high-speed railway are characterized and analyzed,and the influence of noise negative externality is expounded.2.The unit value conversion method is used to quantify the negative external cost of noise.In this paper,the unit value conversion method is selected as the basic method of quantifying the noise cost of high-speed railway in the general method of quantifying the external cost of transportation.The ratio of PPP GDP per capita purchasing power parity,the ratio of population density and the ratio of CPI are proposed as the correction factors of the unit value conversion method,and the calculation model of noise cost of high-speed railway in China is established.After verifying the calculation model with the actual data of China’s high-speed railway operation from 2008 to 2019,it is found that although the average external cost of high-speed railway noise increases year by year,there is no significant growth rate;however,the growth trend of total external cost of high-speed railway noise is more obvious,the total cost of noise increases more than twice from 2015 to 2019,and the noise cost of high-speed railway in 2019 has increased It is estimated that with the rapid development of high-speed railway,the negative external cost of noise will continue to increase.3.Research on game model of negative externality of high-speed railway noise.The results of noise external cost show that the negative impact of high-speed railway noise can not be ignored.In order to solve the problem of negative externality,this paper uses the research method of game theory model for reference,and from the perspective of stakeholders,establishes two game models of government and enterprise,enterprise and residents respectively.Aiming at the game between the government and enterprises,this paper constructs the dynamic game tree analysis model of the central government,local government and enterprises,builds the payment function of all parties,and takes the maximization of the interests of all parties as the goal,uses the reverse induction method to solve the equilibrium solution of the game.Aiming at the game between enterprises and residents,this paper constructs a two-party limited game analysis model,and uses the method of payment equivalence to solve the Nash equilibrium solution of mixed strategy.Based on the analysis of the Nash equilibrium solution of mixed strategy,the constraint conditions for the government,enterprises and residents to make decisions on the negative externality of high-speed railway noise are expounded respectively.4.Put forward the method to reduce the negative externality of high-speed railway by internalizing the cost of environmental pollution.Combined with the results of quantitative analysis and game analysis,the internalization of environmental pollution is an effective way to reduce the negative externality of high-speed railway.Based on the analysis of the stage changes and existing problems of the internalization of China’s environmental cost,the internalization of China’s high-speed railway noise cost is proposed from six aspects: improving the internalization system of high-speed railway noise,reasonably establishing price incentive scheme,establishing the main responsibility assessment mechanism,key project demonstration incentive,strengthening supply chain environmental cost management and strengthening environmental cost control accounting Measures to be taken.5.Put forward the life cycle control strategy of high-speed railway noise.The noise control of high-speed railway is a complex system engineering.The whole life cycle of highspeed railway is divided into three stages: design,construction and maintenance.The mode of "1 Platform + 1 system" around the whole life cycle is proposed,that is,the whole life cycle noise monitoring and intelligent analysis platform and noise control management system are constructed.After the function of the platform and system are described respectively,the design is based on the principle of "1 Platform + 1 system" Based on the principle of full consideration in the early design stage,the noise control strategy for each stage of the whole life cycle is proposed.In order to improve the overall noise reduction efficiency,a comprehensive noise control design scheme based on the actual situation of the line is proposed to minimize the noise impact of high-speed railway. |
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