| The Party Central Committee and the State Council issued the strate gic plan for rural revitalization strategy(2018-2022),which proposed to e xplore advantageous ecological industries,promote the restoration of ecol ogical environment and the development of ecological industries,focus o n planning the industrial layout in karst rocky desertification areas,reason ably design the development model of ecological industries,and strive to build environment-friendly agriculture(background of the topic).At pres ent,the area of China's ecological industry is about 10 million hm~2,accou nting for 12%of China's cultivated land,with an annual output value of 100 billion US dollars.At the same time,the development of ecological in dustry in rocky desertification control areas is guided by economic growt h and ecological restoration.The research on water and fertilizer coupling mechanism and product quality improvement technology of ecological in dustry is of great significance to effectively solve the"issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers"and promote rural revitalization stra tegy in rocky desertification areas.This study uses the theories of geograp hy,ecology,pedology,soil fertilizer,botany,hydrology,regional econom ics and natural resource value to solve the scientific issue and scientific a nd technological needs of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis w ater and fertilizer coupling,the mechanism of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis quality on water fertilizer ratio sceme,formula fertilizat ion,water use strategy,water and fertilizer use efficiency.From 2018 to 2021,Guanling Zhenfeng Huajiang in the mountainous area of Guizhou Pl ateau was taken as the research area.Through continuous investigation,c ontrol experiment,ecological environment and pepper product data collec tion in the study area,the water and fertilizer coupling mechanism,comm on key technology research,application demonstration and industrializati on promotion of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis are analyze d by using Bayesian equation,wavelet coherence analysis,input-output m odel.This study focuses on clarifying the water and fertilizer coupling me chanism of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis,explaining the ut ilization characteristics and efficiency of water and fertilizer in Zanthoxyh um planispinum var.dingtanensis,and putting forward the key technologi es for improving the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanens is.The results provide scientific and technological reference for the water and fertilizer coupling mechanism of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.din gtanensis,the improvement of product quality and the revitalization of ru ral ecological industry.(1)The environmental factors and quality characteristics of Zanthox yhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest at different altitudes in karst ro cky desertification area were found.It was clarified that altitude gradient,temperature,rainfall,saturated water vapor pressure,soil structure,water content and nutrient factors were the main factors affecting the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis.Zanthoxyhum planispinum v ar.dingtanensis likes to grow at 670 m above sea level,and the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis is the best.Zanthoxyhum pl anispinum var.dingtanensis forest in the study area is mainly distributed i n five altitude gradients.soil total porosity,capillary capacity,organic ma tter content,total nitrogen content,Hydrolysable nitrogen content,total p otassium content,available potassium content,total phosphorus content a nd available phosphorus content were all in order as ZB2>ZB1>ZB3>ZB4>ZB5.The quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis was identified.In the five altitude gradient sample sites,the content of ess ential Oil,Flavor Compounds(linalyl acetate 0.54%,Geranylene B 0.43%,Terpinen-4-ol 1.02%,?-Myrcene 0.79%?sabinene 2.32%,D-limonen e 3.2%,Linalool 74.1%),Hemp Substance(hydroxy-?-sanshool 3.64%,h ydroxy-?-sanshool1.54%,hydroxy-?-sanshool 0.77%)and Appearance q uality(fruit shape index 0.8,1000 grain weight 71.03g,number of fruit gr ains per ear 51.25,branch ear density 0.38/cm,crude protein 10.54%)of Z anthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis in ZB2 sample site area are th e most.Environmental water and nutrients are the main factors to improv e the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis,and the imp act of environmental water on the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum va r.dingtanensis is the most obvious.This research result corrects the view that nutrients determine the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.din gtanensis,and the interaction mechanism between water and fertilizer cou pling and Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis quality must be ree xamined.(2)The water dynamic changes and water resource utilization strateg ies of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis were clarified,the effe cts of rainfall.Rainfall,spring water and other water resources on the wat er use strategies of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis were sho wn.The effects of rainfall on the dynamic changes of soil water in Zantho xyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis were found.The water resources in the study area are mainly divided into karst fissure water,spring water an d Rainfall.The results of this study show that Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis absorbs karst fissure water,and the absorption ratios in flowering,fruiting,resting and germination period are 64.78%,80.39%,41.47%,52.33%,respectively.Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensi s absorbs spring water,and the absorption ratios at flowering,fruiting,res ting and germination stages are 27.76%,12.84%,47.38%and 36.72%,re spectively.The research on the water absorption depth of Zanthoxyhum pl anispinum var.dingtanensis shows that during the flowering period of Za nthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis,it mainly absorbs soil water at25-40 cm,accounting for 76.8%,and at 0-25 cm,accounting for 23.2%.During the fruiting period of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis,it mainly absorbs soil water at 25-40 cm,accounting for 74.4%,and soil water at 0-25cm,accounting for 25.5%;During the rest period of Zanthox yhum planispinum var.dingtanensis,it mainly absorbs soil water at 25-40cm,accounting for 75.9%,and soil water at 0-25 cm,accounting for 24.1%;During the germination period of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.din gtanensis,it mainly absorbs soil water at 25-40 cm,accounting for 75%,and soil water at 0-25cm,accounting for 25%.The water use efficiency o f Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis was 60.07?mol/mol,55.91?mol/mol,62.86?mol/mol and 64.52?mol/mol at flowering,fruiting,re sting and germination stages,respectively.(3)This study revealed the limiting factors of soil environmental nut rients in the karst rocky desertification area,formulated a karst-specific fo rmula fertilization test plan for improving the quality of Zanthoxyhum pla nispinum var.dingtanensis,and explored the reciprocal mechanism of Za nthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis quality improvement and ecolo gical restoration of rocky desertification control.The higher values of pla nt height and DBH in each phenological stage(flowering stage,fruiting st age,resting stage,germination stage)of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.d ingtanensis appeared in T7 treatment(N2P2K3),T10 treatment(N2P2K3)an d T12 treatment(N3P2K2).Compared with the blank treatment(N0K0P0),in each formula fertilization treatment group,the plant height increased by2.63-21.71%and the DBH by 2.73-59.04%at the flowering period of Za nthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis;the plant height increased by 6.49?25.97%and the DBH by 10.62?50.48%at the fruiting period of Zan thoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis;the plant height increased by 2.47?26.54%and the DBH by 9?48.14%rest period of Zanthoxyhum plan ispinum var.dingtanensis;the plant height increased by 1.75?29.82%an d the DBH by 9.11?40.46%germination period of Zanthoxyhum planispi num var.dingtanensis.The maximum Ndff values of the roots,stems,lea ves and fruits of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis appeared in the T7 treatment(N2P3K2),which indicated that the T7 treatment was the b est treatment for Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis to absorb ni trogen fertilizer.Compared with different fertilization treatments,it was f ound that T7 treatment(N2P3K2)had the highest 15N utilization efficiency,and T11 treatment(N1P1K2)had the lowest 15N utilization efficiency.Roc ky desertification control and ecological industry development need to be carried out simultaneously.Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis p lanting as a pillar industry in the study area.Studying the water and fertili zer allocation plan for improving the quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinu m var.dingtanensis breaks through the limitation of environmental factor s,which is conducive to promoting the development process of ecological industry in karst areas and accelerating the rapid development of regional economy.(4)The research has established the water and fertilizer optimization regulation and quality improvement mode and technology integration of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest for the prevention and control of rocky desertification in karst plateau gorge,the efficient utilizat ion and quality improvement technology of water and fertilizer of Zantho xyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest in karstens in rocky desertific ation area,and the integrated application of water and fertilizer in Zantho xyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest in peak-cluster depression an d the mode and technology integration of product core quality improveme nt.Through the ways of formula fertilization,adjusting the ratio of water and fertilizer and adjusting measures to local conditions.According to dif ferent site conditions in rocky desertification area,three water fertilizer c oupling quality improvement modes of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.di ngtanensis were put forward.Optimization regulation of water and fertiliz er and quality improvement mode and technology integration of Zanthoxy hum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest from slope to terrace for preven tion and control of rocky desertification in karst plateau gorge.High effici ency utilization of water and fertilizer and improvement of product functi on and quality of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest in ro cky desertification control mode and technology integration.Integrated a pplication of water and fertilizer in Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingta nensis forest in fengcong depression and improvement mode and technol ogy integration of product core quality.The research solved the phenome na of lagging development of ecological industry,easy occurrence of pov erty and easy return to poverty in karst rocky desertification areas,and de epened the research on the integration and model research and developme nt of water fertilizer coupling and Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtan ensis quality improvement in karst rocky desertification control.(5)Through the application demonstration and benefit evaluation of water and fertilizer coupling and Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtane nsis quality technology in karst rocky desertification control,it is found th at the net profit of Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis is 147831yuan/mu,and the ratio of input and output is 1:4.42,and the cost recovery time is 8 years,and the return on investment is 341.51%.The net profit o f Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest in the medium intens ity rocky desertification control area is 57691.68 yuan/mu,and the ratio of input and output is 1:2.16,and the cost recovery time is 8 years,and th e return on investment is 116.39%.The net profit of Zanthoxyhum planis pinum var.dingtanensis in peak-cluster depression reached 188743.34 yu an/mu,and the ratio of input and output was 1:5.41,and the cost recovery time is 7 years,and the return on investment is 441.14%.Combined with the evaluation results and promotion results,the model parameters are ac tively adjusted,and it is analyzed that the model has great suitability and popularization in China.According to the lithology,altitude,soil texture,annual average temperature,annual precipitation,micro landform type,ro cky desertification,soil thickness,labor force and GDP data,the technical model of water and fertilizer coupling Zanthoxyhum planispinum var.di ngtanensis quality improvement is popularized.The analysis results show that among the eight provinces and regions in southern China,the optima l regulation and quality improvement model of water and fertilizer of Zan thoxyhum planispinum var.dingtanensis forest for the prevention and con trol of rocky desertification in karst plateau gorge is 19.08×10~4 km~2,mod erate intensity rocky desertification control in karst plateau gorge,the mo st suitable promotion area is 27.98×10~4 km~2,water and fertilizer integrate d application and product core quality improvement mode of Zanthoxyhu m planispinum var.dingtanensis in peak-cluster depression,the most suit able promotion area is 21.86×10~4 km~2. |
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